cacti/lib/rrd.php

<?php
/*
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | Copyright (C) 2004-2026 The Cacti Group                                 |
 |                                                                         |
 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or           |
 | modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License             |
 | as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2          |
 | of the License, or (at your option) any later version.                  |
 |                                                                         |
 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,         |
 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of          |
 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the           |
 | GNU General Public License for more details.                            |
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | Cacti: The Complete RRDtool-based Graphing Solution                     |
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | This code is designed, written, and maintained by the Cacti Group. See  |
 | about.php and/or the AUTHORS file for specific developer information.   |
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | http://www.cacti.net/                                                   |
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
*/

require_once(__DIR__ . '/rrd_graph_item.php');

use phpseclib4\Crypt\Rijndael;
use phpseclib4\Crypt\RSA;

define('RRD_NL', " \\\n");
define('MAX_FETCH_CACHE_SIZE', 5);
define('RRD_PROXY_END_OF_PACKET', "_EOP_\r\n");
define('RRD_PROXY_END_OF_SEQUENCE', "_EOT_\r\n");
define('RRD_PROXY_TIMEOUT_SECONDS', 10);
define('RRD_PROXY_MAX_KEY_SIZE', 1048576);
define('RRD_PROXY_MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE', 67108864);
define('RRDTOOL_MAX_COMMAND_BYTES', 16 * 1024 * 1024);
define('RRDTOOL_MAX_RESPONSE_BYTES', 128 * 1024 * 1024);

// Bound on in-run RRDtool process relaunches after a crash.
define('RRDTOOL_MAX_RESTARTS', 5);

if (read_config_option('storage_location')) {
	global $encryption;
	$encryption = true;
}

/**
 * Strip control characters from a fully assembled rrdtool command line.
 *
 * The persistent rrdtool process reads one command per line over a pipe, so a
 * CR or LF embedded in any field value (data_source_path, DS min/max, a title,
 * a substituted host value, ...) splits the line into a second, attacker chosen
 * rrdtool command. RRDtool command lines are single line; the line terminator
 * is added at the write site, not here, so removing every C0 control and DEL
 * from the assembled command is safe and defeats pipe/newline injection
 * regardless of which field carried the payload. Applied after all title and
 * placeholder substitution so a later substitution cannot reintroduce a break.
 *
 * @param string $command_line The assembled rrdtool command line.
 *
 * @return string The command line with C0 controls and DEL removed.
 */
function rrd_strip_control_chars(string $command_line): string {
	$clean = preg_replace('/[\x00-\x1f\x7f]/', '', $command_line);

	/* preg_replace() returns null on a PCRE failure. Fall back to removing the
	 * characters that actually enable pipe injection so a regex engine problem
	 * never leaves CR/LF/NUL in the command line. */
	return $clean ?? str_replace(["\r", "\n", "\0"], '', $command_line);
}

/**
 * set the language environment variable for rrdtool functions
 *
 * @param mixed $lang The desired language to set
 *
 * @return void
 */
function rrdtool_set_language(mixed $lang = false) : void {
	global $prev_lang;

	$prev_lang = getenv('LANG');

	if ($lang == false) {
		putenv('LANG=' . str_replace('-', '_', CACTI_LOCALE) . '.UTF-8');
	} else {
		putenv('LANG=en_EN.UTF-8');
	}
}

/**
 * restore the default language environment variable after rrdtool functions
 *
 * @return void
 */
function rrdtool_reset_language() : void {
	global $prev_lang;

	putenv('LANG=' . $prev_lang);
}

function rrd_init(bool $output_to_term = true) : mixed {
	global $config;

	$args = func_get_args();

	$local_storage = (isset($config['local_storage']) && $config['local_storage'] === true) ? true : false;

	$function = ($local_storage === false && read_config_option('storage_location')) ? '__rrd_proxy_init' : '__rrd_init';

	return call_user_func_array($function, $args);
}

function __rrd_init(bool $output_to_term = true, mixed $lang = false) : mixed {
	// set the rrdtool default font
	if (read_config_option('path_rrdtool_default_font')) {
		putenv('RRD_DEFAULT_FONT=' . read_config_option('path_rrdtool_default_font'));
	}

	$path = (string) read_config_option('path_rrdtool');

	if (!is_file($path) || !is_executable($path)) {
		cacti_log('ERROR: RRDtool executable was not found or is not executable.', false, 'RRDTOOL');

		return false;
	}

	$previous_language = getenv('LANG');
	rrdtool_set_language($lang);

	$descriptors = [
		0 => ['pipe', 'r'],
		1 => ['pipe', 'w'],
		2 => ['pipe', 'w']
	];
	$pipes   = [];

	try {
		$process = proc_open([$path, '-'], $descriptors, $pipes, null, null, ['bypass_shell' => true]);
	} finally {
		if ($previous_language === false) {
			putenv('LANG');
		} else {
			putenv('LANG=' . $previous_language);
		}
	}

	if (!is_resource($process) || count($pipes) !== 3) {
		cacti_log('ERROR: Unable to launch RRDtool without a command shell.', false, 'RRDTOOL');

		return false;
	}

	stream_set_blocking($pipes[1], false);
	stream_set_blocking($pipes[2], false);

	return (object) [
		'process'        => $process,
		'stdin'          => $pipes[0],
		'stdout'         => $pipes[1],
		'stderr'         => $pipes[2],
		'alive'          => true,
		'restarts'       => 0,
		'output_to_term' => $output_to_term
	];
}

/**
 * Configure bounded blocking I/O for an RRDtool proxy socket.
 *
 * @param Socket $socket  Connected or unconnected proxy socket
 * @param int    $seconds Read and write timeout in seconds
 *
 * @return bool Whether both socket options were applied
 */
function rrdtool_proxy_set_timeouts(Socket $socket, int $seconds = RRD_PROXY_TIMEOUT_SECONDS) : bool {
	if ($seconds < 1) {
		return false;
	}

	$timeout = ['sec' => $seconds, 'usec' => 0];

	return @socket_set_option($socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, $timeout)
		&& @socket_set_option($socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, $timeout);
}

/**
 * Connect to an RRDtool proxy with an explicit deadline.
 *
 * @param Socket $socket  Proxy socket
 * @param string $server  IPv4 or IPv6 address
 * @param int    $port    TCP port
 * @param int    $seconds Connection timeout in seconds
 *
 * @return bool Whether the connection completed successfully
 */
function rrdtool_proxy_connect(Socket $socket, string $server, int $port, int $seconds = RRD_PROXY_TIMEOUT_SECONDS) : bool {
	if ($seconds < 1 || !@socket_set_nonblock($socket)) {
		return false;
	}

	$connected = @socket_connect($socket, $server, $port);

	if (!$connected) {
		$error       = socket_last_error($socket);
		$in_progress = [];

		foreach (['SOCKET_EINPROGRESS', 'SOCKET_EALREADY', 'SOCKET_EWOULDBLOCK', 'SOCKET_EAGAIN'] as $constant) {
			if (defined($constant)) {
				$in_progress[] = constant($constant);
			}
		}

		if (!in_array($error, array_unique($in_progress), true)) {
			@socket_set_block($socket);

			return false;
		}

		$read   = [];
		$write  = [$socket];
		$except = [$socket];
		$ready  = @socket_select($read, $write, $except, $seconds, 0);

		if ($ready !== 1 || $except !== []) {
			@socket_set_block($socket);

			return false;
		}

		$socket_error = @socket_get_option($socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR);

		if ($socket_error !== 0) {
			@socket_set_block($socket);

			return false;
		}
	}

	return @socket_set_block($socket);
}

/**
 * Write an entire RRDtool proxy frame.
 *
 * socket_write() may complete only part of a write.  This helper retries until
 * all bytes are transferred, and treats zero-byte or failed writes as errors.
 *
 * @param Socket $socket Proxy socket
 * @param string $data   Complete encoded frame
 *
 * @return bool Whether every byte was written
 */
function rrdtool_proxy_write(Socket $socket, string $data) : bool {
	$length  = strlen($data);
	$written = 0;

	while ($written < $length) {
		set_error_handler(static fn () : bool => true);

		try {
			$result = socket_write($socket, substr($data, $written));
		} finally {
			restore_error_handler();
		}

		if ($result === false || $result === 0) {
			return false;
		}

		$written += $result;
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Read one bounded, terminator-delimited RRDtool proxy frame.
 *
 * @param Socket $socket     Proxy socket
 * @param string $terminator Protocol frame terminator
 * @param int    $max_size   Maximum buffered frame size
 *
 * @return string|false Frame contents without the terminator, or false
 */
function rrdtool_proxy_read_frame(Socket $socket, string $terminator, int $max_size) : string|false {
	if ($terminator === '' || $max_size < 1) {
		return false;
	}

	$input = '';

	while (true) {
		$remaining = $max_size + strlen($terminator) - strlen($input);
		$recv      = @socket_read($socket, min(100000, $remaining), PHP_BINARY_READ);

		if ($recv === false || $recv === '') {
			return false;
		}

		$input .= $recv;
		$position = strpos($input, $terminator);

		if ($position !== false) {
			return substr($input, 0, $position);
		}

		if (strlen($input) > $max_size) {
			return false;
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Decode gzip data without leaking malformed-peer warnings into graph output.
 *
 * @param string $input    Compressed packet
 * @param int    $max_size Maximum decoded size
 *
 * @return string|false Decoded packet, or false when invalid or oversized
 */
function rrdtool_proxy_gzdecode(string $input, int $max_size) : string|false {
	if ($max_size < 1) {
		return false;
	}

	set_error_handler(static fn () : bool => true);

	try {
		return gzdecode($input, $max_size);
	} finally {
		restore_error_handler();
	}
}

/**
 * Decode and validate a complete RRDtool proxy response.
 *
 * The terminal status must occur at the end of the final protocol packet.
 * Status-like text in graph or xport payload data is therefore not treated as
 * a protocol boundary.
 *
 * @param string $frame    Encoded frame without the sequence terminator
 * @param int    $max_size Maximum decoded response size
 *
 * @return array{output:string,status:string,success:bool,raw:string}|false
 */
function rrdtool_proxy_decode_response(string $frame, int $max_size = RRD_PROXY_MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE) : array|false {
	if ($max_size < 1 || strlen($frame) > $max_size) {
		return false;
	}

	$packets = explode(RRD_PROXY_END_OF_PACKET, $frame);

	if (end($packets) === '') {
		array_pop($packets);
	}

	if ($packets === []) {
		return false;
	}

	$decoded_size = 0;
	$decoded      = [];

	foreach ($packets as $packet) {
		$transaction = decrypt($packet);

		if ($transaction === false) {
			return false;
		}

		if (str_starts_with($transaction, "\x1f\x8b")) {
			$transaction = rrdtool_proxy_gzdecode($transaction, $max_size - $decoded_size);

			if ($transaction === false) {
				return false;
			}
		}

		$decoded_size += strlen($transaction);
		$decoded[] = $transaction;
	}

	$last_packet = array_pop($decoded);

	if (!preg_match('/(?:^|\r?\n)(OK u(?::[^\r\n]*)?|ERROR:[^\r\n]*)\r?\n?\z/D', $last_packet, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE)) {
		return false;
	}

	$status_offset = $matches[1][1];
	$status        = $matches[1][0];
	$packet_output = substr($last_packet, 0, $status_offset);
	$output        = implode('', $decoded) . rtrim($packet_output, "\r\n");
	$raw           = $output . ($output === '' ? '' : "\n") . $status;

	return [
		'output'  => $output,
		'status'  => $status,
		'success' => str_starts_with($status, 'OK u'),
		'raw'     => $raw
	];
}

function __rrd_proxy_init(string $logopt = 'WEBLOG') : mixed {
	global $encryption;
	$encryption = true;

	$load_balancing = read_config_option('rrdp_load_balancing') == 'on' ? true : false;

	$portp   = intval(read_config_option('rrdp_port'));
	$portb   = intval(read_config_option('rrdp_port_backup'));
	$servera = read_config_option('rrdp_server');
	$serverb = read_config_option('rrdp_server_backup');

	if ($load_balancing) {
		$rrdp_id = random_int(1,2);
		$server  = ($rrdp_id == 1) ? $servera : $serverb;
		$port    = ($rrdp_id == 1) ? $portp : $portb;
	} else {
		$server  = read_config_option('rrdp_server');
		$port    = intval(read_config_option('rrdp_port'));
		$rrdp_id = 1;
	}

	// Detect address family based on server address for IPv6 support
	$socket_family = filter_var(trim($server, '[]'), FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV6) ? AF_INET6 : AF_INET;

	$rrdp_socket = @socket_create($socket_family, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP);

	if ($rrdp_socket === false) {
		cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP ERROR: Unable to create socket to connect to RRDtool Proxy Server', false, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);

		return false;
	}

	if (!rrdtool_proxy_set_timeouts($rrdp_socket)) {
		cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP ERROR: Unable to configure socket time-outs.', false, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);
		@socket_close($rrdp_socket);

		return false;
	}

	// Strip brackets from IPv6 addresses for socket_connect
	$connect_server = trim($server, '[]');

	$rrdp = rrdtool_proxy_connect($rrdp_socket, $connect_server, $port);

	if ($rrdp === false) {
		// log entry ...
		cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP ERROR: Unable to connect to RRDtool Proxy Server #' . $rrdp_id, false, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);

		if ($load_balancing) {
			// Close the failed socket before creating a new one for the backup server
			@socket_close($rrdp_socket);

			$rrdp_id = ($rrdp_id == 1) ? 2 : 1;
			$server  = ($rrdp_id == 1) ? $servera : $serverb;
			$port    = ($rrdp_id == 1) ? $portp : $portb;

			// Re-detect address family for backup server (may differ from primary)
			$socket_family  = filter_var(trim($server, '[]'), FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV6) ? AF_INET6 : AF_INET;
			$connect_server = trim($server, '[]');

			$rrdp_socket = @socket_create($socket_family, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP);

			if ($rrdp_socket === false) {
				cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP ERROR: Unable to create socket to connect to RRDtool Proxy Server #' . $rrdp_id, false, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);

				return false;
			}

			if (!rrdtool_proxy_set_timeouts($rrdp_socket)) {
				cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP ERROR: Unable to configure backup socket time-outs.', false, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);
				@socket_close($rrdp_socket);

				return false;
			}

			$rrdp = rrdtool_proxy_connect($rrdp_socket, $connect_server, $port);

			if ($rrdp === false) {
				cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP ERROR: Unable to connect to RRDtool Proxy Server #' . $rrdp_id, false, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);
				@socket_close($rrdp_socket);

				return false;
			}
		} else {
			@socket_close($rrdp_socket);

			return false;
		}
	}

	$rrdp_fingerprint = ($rrdp_id == 1) ? read_config_option('rrdp_fingerprint') : read_config_option('rrdp_fingerprint_backup');

	if (!rrdtool_proxy_write($rrdp_socket, read_config_option('rsa_public_key') . RRD_PROXY_END_OF_SEQUENCE)) {
		cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP ERROR: Public RSA Key Exchange - unable to send local key.', false, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);
		@socket_close($rrdp_socket);

		return false;
	}

	// read public key being returned by the proxy server
	$rrdp_public_key = rrdtool_proxy_read_frame($rrdp_socket, RRD_PROXY_END_OF_SEQUENCE, RRD_PROXY_MAX_KEY_SIZE);

	if ($rrdp_public_key === false || trim($rrdp_public_key) === '') {
		cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP ERROR: Public RSA Key Exchange failed - no key received.', false, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);
		@socket_close($rrdp_socket);

		return false;
	}

	$rrdp_public_key = trim($rrdp_public_key);

	try {
		$public = RSA::loadPublicKey($rrdp_public_key);
	} catch (Throwable $e) {
		cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP ERROR: Public RSA Key Exchange returned an invalid key.', false, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);
		@socket_close($rrdp_socket);

		return false;
	}

	$fingerprint = $public->getFingerprint('md5');

	if (!is_string($rrdp_fingerprint) || !hash_equals($rrdp_fingerprint, $fingerprint)) {
		cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP ERROR: Mismatch RSA Fingerprint.', false, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);
		@socket_close($rrdp_socket);

		return false;
	} else {
		$rrdproxy = [$rrdp_socket, $rrdp_public_key];

		// set the rrdtool default font
		if (read_config_option('path_rrdtool_default_font')) {
			rrdtool_execute('setenv RRD_DEFAULT_FONT ' . cacti_escapeshellarg((string) read_config_option('path_rrdtool_default_font')), false, RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_NULL, $rrdproxy, $logopt);
		}

		return $rrdproxy;
	}
}

function rrd_close() : void {
	global $config;

	$args = func_get_args();

	$local_storage = (isset($config['local_storage']) && $config['local_storage'] === true) ? true : false;

	$function = ($local_storage === false && read_config_option('storage_location')) ? '__rrd_proxy_close' : '__rrd_close';

	call_user_func_array($function, $args);
}

function __rrd_close(mixed $rrdtool_pipe) : void {
	if (rrdtool_is_process($rrdtool_pipe)) {
		if ($rrdtool_pipe->alive && is_resource($rrdtool_pipe->stdin)) {
			rrdtool_write_all($rrdtool_pipe->stdin, "quit\n");
		}

		foreach (['stdin', 'stdout', 'stderr'] as $stream) {
			if (is_resource($rrdtool_pipe->{$stream})) {
				fclose($rrdtool_pipe->{$stream});
			}
		}

		if (is_resource($rrdtool_pipe->process)) {
			proc_close($rrdtool_pipe->process);
		}

		$rrdtool_pipe->alive = false;
	} elseif (is_resource($rrdtool_pipe)) {
		// Compatibility with a pipe opened by an older plugin.
		pclose($rrdtool_pipe);
	}
}

/**
 * Determine whether a value is a local RRDtool process handle.
 *
 * @param mixed $process Candidate process handle
 *
 * @return bool Whether the value contains every required process resource
 */
function rrdtool_is_process(mixed $process) : bool {
	return is_object($process)
		&& isset($process->process, $process->stdin, $process->stdout, $process->stderr, $process->alive);
}

/**
 * Write a complete command to RRDtool, including when fwrite() is partial.
 *
 * @param mixed  $stream Writable process stream
 * @param string $data   Complete bytes to write
 *
 * @return bool Whether every byte was written and flushed
 */
function rrdtool_write_all(mixed $stream, string $data) : bool {
	if (!is_resource($stream)) {
		return false;
	}

	$offset = 0;
	$length = strlen($data);

	while ($offset < $length) {
		$written = @fwrite($stream, substr($data, $offset));

		if ($written === false || $written === 0) {
			return false;
		}

		$offset += $written;
	}

	return fflush($stream);
}

/**
 * Convert Cacti's shell-quoted arguments to RRDtool stdin quoting.
 *
 * RRDtool's interactive parser accepts double-quoted arguments, but shell
 * escaping for an apostrophe (for example, 'one'\''s') is not valid in that
 * parser.  This converter recognizes only the single-quoted form produced by
 * escapeshellarg(); it does not attempt to interpret arbitrary shell syntax.
 *
 * @return string|false The stdin-safe command, or false for an invalid command
 */
function rrdtool_prepare_stdin_command(string $command_line) : string|false {
	if (strlen($command_line) > RRDTOOL_MAX_COMMAND_BYTES || strpbrk($command_line, "\0\r\n") !== false) {
		return false;
	}

	if (!preg_match('/^\s*([A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9-]*)\b/', $command_line, $matches)) {
		return false;
	}

	$commands = [
		'create', 'update', 'updatev', 'graph', 'graphv', 'dump', 'restore',
		'last', 'lastupdate', 'first', 'info', 'list', 'fetch', 'tune',
		'resize', 'xport', 'flushcached', 'ls', 'cd', 'mkdir', 'pwd'
	];

	if (!in_array(strtolower($matches[1]), $commands, true)) {
		return false;
	}

	$prepared = '';
	$length   = strlen($command_line);

	for ($offset = 0; $offset < $length; $offset++) {
		if ($command_line[$offset] !== "'") {
			$prepared .= $command_line[$offset];

			continue;
		}

		$value  = '';
		$closed = false;
		$offset++;

		while ($offset < $length) {
			$quote = strpos($command_line, "'", $offset);

			if ($quote === false) {
				return false;
			}

			$value .= substr($command_line, $offset, $quote - $offset);
			$offset  = $quote + 1;

			if (substr($command_line, $offset, 3) === "\\''") {
				$value .= "'";
				$offset += 3;

				continue;
			}

			$closed = true;
			$offset--;

			break;
		}

		if (!$closed) {
			return false;
		}

		/**
		 * RRDtool control codes such as \: and \n must reach the graph parser
		 * verbatim. Escaping the backslash leaves a legend like "IO Wait\:"
		 * ending in a dangling control code, which RRDtool refuses, so only the
		 * delimiter is escaped here. A value ending in a backslash, or holding
		 * one immediately before a double quote, has no unambiguous form inside
		 * a quoted token and is rejected instead.
		 */
		if (str_ends_with($value, '\\') || str_contains($value, '\\"')) {
			return false;
		}

		$prepared .= '"' . str_replace('"', '\\"', $value) . '"';
	}

	return $prepared;
}

function __rrd_proxy_close(mixed $rrdp) : void {
	if (is_array($rrdp) && isset($rrdp[0], $rrdp[1]) && $rrdp[0] instanceof Socket) {
		try {
			rrdtool_proxy_write($rrdp[0], encrypt('quit', $rrdp[1]) . RRD_PROXY_END_OF_SEQUENCE);
		} catch (Throwable $e) {
			// The connection still has to be closed when request encoding fails.
		} finally {
			@socket_shutdown($rrdp[0], 2);
			@socket_close($rrdp[0]);
		}
	}
}

function encrypt(string $output, string $rsa_key) : string {
	global $encryption;

	if ($encryption) {
		/** @var \phpseclib4\Crypt\RSA\PublicKey $public loadPublicKey() returns the RSA public key implementation, which exposes encrypt() */
		$public  = RSA::loadPublicKey($rsa_key);
		$aes     = new Rijndael('cbc');
		$aes_key = random_bytes(32);

		$aes->setKey($aes_key);
		$aes->setIV(str_repeat("\0", 16));
		$ciphertext     = base64_encode($aes->encrypt($output));
		$aes_key        = base64_encode($public->encrypt($aes_key));
		$aes_key_length = str_pad(dechex(strlen($aes_key)), 3, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);

		return $aes_key_length . $aes_key . $ciphertext;
	} else {
		return $output;
	}
}

/**
 * Decrypt one encrypted RRDtool proxy packet.
 *
 * @param string $input           Encoded packet
 * @param string $rsa_private_key Local RSA private key
 *
 * @return string|false Plaintext, or false when the packet is malformed
 */
function rrdtool_proxy_decrypt(string $input, string $rsa_private_key) : string|false {
	if (strlen($input) < 4 || !ctype_xdigit(substr($input, 0, 3))) {
		return false;
	}

	$aes_key_length = hexdec(substr($input, 0, 3));

	if ($aes_key_length < 1 || strlen($input) <= 3 + $aes_key_length) {
		return false;
	}

	$aes_key    = base64_decode(substr($input, 3, $aes_key_length), true);
	$ciphertext = base64_decode(substr($input, 3 + $aes_key_length), true);

	if ($aes_key === false || $aes_key === '' || $ciphertext === false) {
		return false;
	}

	try {
		/** @var \phpseclib4\Crypt\RSA\PrivateKey $private loadPrivateKey() returns the RSA private key implementation, which exposes decrypt() */
		$private = RSA::loadPrivateKey($rsa_private_key);
		$aes     = new Rijndael('cbc');
		$aes_key = $private->decrypt($aes_key);

		if (!is_string($aes_key) || $aes_key === '') {
			return false;
		}

		// phpseclib 2 truncated oversized Rijndael keys to 256 bits.
		if (strlen($aes_key) > 32) {
			$aes_key = substr($aes_key, 0, 32);
		}

		$aes->setKey($aes_key);
		$aes->setIV(str_repeat("\0", 16));

		return $aes->decrypt($ciphertext);
	} catch (Throwable $e) {
		return false;
	}
}

function decrypt(string $input) : string|false {
	global $encryption;

	if (!$encryption) {
		return $input;
	}

	return rrdtool_proxy_decrypt($input, (string) read_config_option('rsa_private_key'));
}

function rrdtool_execute() : mixed {
	global $config;

	$args = func_get_args();

	$local_storage = (isset($config['local_storage']) && $config['local_storage'] === true) ? true : false;

	$function = ($local_storage === false && read_config_option('storage_location')) ? '__rrd_proxy_execute' : '__rrd_execute';

	return call_user_func_array($function, $args);
}

/**
 * Build a non-sensitive identifier for an RRDtool command.
 *
 * RRDtool command lines can contain paths, graph labels, device metadata, and
 * credentials substituted by legacy templates.  Logging the complete command
 * therefore exposes considerably more than is needed to correlate failures.
 * The operation, byte count, and digest retain that correlation without
 * copying command arguments into the log.
 *
 * @param string $command_line The complete RRDtool command line
 *
 * @return string A safe operation/length/digest tuple
 */
function rrdtool_command_log_context(string $command_line) : string {
	$command = 'unknown';
	$trimmed = ltrim($command_line, " \t");

	if (preg_match('/^([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)/', $trimmed, $matches)) {
		$command = strtolower($matches[1]);
	}

	return sprintf(
		'command=%s bytes=%d sha256=%s',
		$command,
		strlen($command_line),
		hash('sha256', $command_line)
	);
}

/**
 * Build an RRDtool command from a trusted operation and isolated arguments.
 *
 * @param array $command One operation followed by zero or more arguments
 *
 * @return string|false A command suitable for stdin conversion, or false
 */
function rrdtool_build_command(array $command) : string|false {
	$operation = array_shift($command);

	if (!is_string($operation) || $operation === '') {
		return false;
	}

	foreach ($command as $argument) {
		if (!is_string($argument)) {
			return false;
		}
	}

	return $operation . ($command === [] ? '' : ' ' . implode(' ', array_map('cacti_escapeshellarg', $command)));
}

/**
 * Select the locale inherited by a newly launched RRDtool process.
 *
 * RRDtool formats fetch/info/xport numbers for the current locale.  Cacti's
 * parsers require a decimal point for those machine-readable responses.
 *
 * @return string|false English for numeric output, otherwise the Cacti locale
 */
function rrdtool_command_language(string $command_line) : string|false {
	$operation = strtolower(strtok(ltrim($command_line), " \t") ?: '');

	return in_array($operation, ['fetch', 'info', 'xport'], true) ? 'en' : false;
}

/**
 * Execute one command over an RRDtool stdin process and wait for its status.
 *
 * @return array{success: bool, output: string, error: string}
 */
/**
 * Relaunch a died RRDtool process in place.
 *
 * The poller opens one process per run and reuses it for every update, so a
 * process that dies partway through would otherwise take the rest of the run
 * with it. The replacement is written back into the same object so every holder
 * of the handle recovers.
 *
 * @param object $process RRDtool process handle to revive
 *
 * @return bool Whether a working process is available afterwards
 */
function rrdtool_process_restart(object $process) : bool {
	if (!rrdtool_is_process($process)) {
		return false;
	}

	$attempts = isset($process->restarts) ? (int) $process->restarts : 0;

	if ($attempts >= RRDTOOL_MAX_RESTARTS) {
		return false;
	}

	foreach (['stdin', 'stdout', 'stderr'] as $pipe) {
		if (isset($process->$pipe) && is_resource($process->$pipe)) {
			fclose($process->$pipe);
		}
	}

	if (isset($process->process) && is_resource($process->process)) {
		proc_close($process->process);
	}

	$replacement = __rrd_init((bool) ($process->output_to_term ?? false));

	if (!rrdtool_is_process($replacement)) {
		$process->alive = false;

		return false;
	}

	$process->process  = $replacement->process;
	$process->stdin    = $replacement->stdin;
	$process->stdout   = $replacement->stdout;
	$process->stderr   = $replacement->stderr;
	$process->alive    = true;
	$process->restarts = $attempts + 1;

	cacti_log(sprintf('WARNING: Detected RRDtool Crash, restarted the process (attempt %d of %d).', $attempts + 1, RRDTOOL_MAX_RESTARTS), false, 'RRDTOOL');

	if (function_exists('debounce_run_notification')) {
		debounce_run_notification('rrdtool_command_crash');
	}

	return true;
}

function rrdtool_process_command(object $process, string $command_line, float $timeout = 60.0) : array {
	$result = ['success' => false, 'output' => '', 'error' => 'RRDtool process is unavailable.'];

	if (!rrdtool_is_process($process)) {
		return $result;
	}

	// A died process used to be reopened and the command retried; without that
	// every remaining update in the run fails.
	if (!$process->alive && !rrdtool_process_restart($process)) {
		return $result;
	}

	$prepared_command = rrdtool_prepare_stdin_command($command_line);

	if ($prepared_command === false) {
		$result['error'] = 'RRDtool command contains an invalid operation, quote, or framing character.';

		return $result;
	}

	if (!rrdtool_write_all($process->stdin, $prepared_command . "\n")) {
		$result['error'] = 'Unable to write the complete RRDtool command.';
		$process->alive  = false;

		return $result;
	}

	$deadline = microtime(true) + max(0.1, $timeout);
	$stdout   = '';
	$stderr   = '';
	$status   = null;

	while (microtime(true) < $deadline) {
		$read = [];

		if (is_resource($process->stdout) && !feof($process->stdout)) {
			$read[] = $process->stdout;
		}

		if (is_resource($process->stderr) && !feof($process->stderr)) {
			$read[] = $process->stderr;
		}

		if ($read === []) {
			break;
		}

		$write  = null;
		$except = null;
		$ready  = @stream_select($read, $write, $except, 0, 200000);

		if ($ready === false) {
			$result['error'] = 'Unable to read the RRDtool response.';

			break;
		}

		foreach ($read as $stream) {
			$chunk = fread($stream, 1048576);

			if ($chunk === false) {
				continue;
			}

			if ($stream === $process->stdout) {
				$stdout .= $chunk;
			} else {
				$stderr .= $chunk;
			}
		}

		if (strlen($stdout) + strlen($stderr) > RRDTOOL_MAX_RESPONSE_BYTES) {
			$result['error'] = 'RRDtool response exceeded the configured safety limit.';
			$process->alive  = false;

			if (is_resource($process->process)) {
				proc_terminate($process->process);
			}

			return $result;
		}

		if (preg_match('/(OK(?: u:[^\r\n]*)?|ERROR:[^\r\n]*)\r?\n?$/', $stdout, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE)) {
			$status = $matches[1][0];
			$stdout = substr($stdout, 0, $matches[0][1]);

			break;
		}
	}

	$result['output'] = $stdout;
	$result['error']  = trim($stderr);

	if ($status === null) {
		if ($result['error'] === '') {
			$result['error'] = 'RRDtool did not return a terminal status before the timeout.';
		}

		$process->alive = false;

		if (is_resource($process->process)) {
			proc_terminate($process->process);
		}

		return $result;
	}

	if (str_starts_with($status, 'ERROR:')) {
		$result['error'] = trim($status . ($result['error'] !== '' ? "\n" . $result['error'] : ''));

		return $result;
	}

	$result['success'] = true;

	return $result;
}

/**
 * Convert a process result to the long-standing RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_* contract.
 */
function rrdtool_format_result(array $result, int $output_flag) : mixed {
	if (!$result['success']) {
		if ($output_flag === RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_RETURN_STDERR) {
			return $result['error'];
		}

		if ($output_flag === RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_STDERR && $result['error'] !== '') {
			print $result['error'];
		}

		return false;
	}

	switch ($output_flag) {
		case RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_NULL:
		case RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_BOOLEAN:
			return true;
		case RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_STDOUT:
		case RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_GRAPH_DATA:
			return $result['output'];
		case RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_RETURN_STDERR:
			return $result['error'] !== '' ? $result['error'] : $result['output'];
		case RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_STDERR:
			if ($result['error'] !== '') {
				print $result['error'];
			}

			if (substr($result['output'], 1, 3) === 'PNG') {
				return 'OK';
			}

			if (str_starts_with($result['output'], '<?xml')) {
				return 'SVG/XML Output OK';
			}

			return true;
		default:
			return false;
	}
}

/**
 * Execute an RRDtool command and return the output.
 *
 * @param string|array $command_line  The RRDtool command to execute.  An array is quoted here,
 *                                    one element per argument.  A caller passing a string quotes
 *                                    each variable argument with cacti_escapeshellarg() as it
 *                                    builds the line; the assembled line is never quoted
 * @param bool         $log_to_stdout Whether to echo output to stdout
 * @param int          $output_flag   Output format constant (RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_*)
 * @param mixed        $rrdtool_pipe  An open RRDtool pipe resource, or null
 * @param string       $logopt        Logging context identifier
 *
 * @return mixed The command output in the requested format
 */
function __rrd_execute(string|array $command_line, bool $log_to_stdout, int $output_flag = RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_STDOUT, mixed $rrdtool_pipe = null, string $logopt = 'WEBLOG') : mixed {
	if (is_array($command_line)) {
		$command_line = rrdtool_build_command($command_line);

		if ($command_line === false) {
			return false;
		}
	}

	$command_line = str_replace("\\\n", ' ', $command_line);

	/* Defense in depth: after all placeholder and title substitution, strip any
	 * control characters from the assembled command before it is written to the
	 * rrdtool pipe or executed. A CR/LF in a field value would otherwise inject
	 * an independent rrdtool command over the line based pipe protocol. */
	$command_line = rrd_strip_control_chars($command_line);
	$context      = rrdtool_command_log_context($command_line);

	cacti_log('CACTI2RRD: ' . $context, $log_to_stdout, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_DEBUG);

	$language = rrdtool_command_language($command_line);

	cacti_session_close();

	$auto_close = !rrdtool_is_process($rrdtool_pipe);
	$process    = $auto_close ? __rrd_init(true, $language) : $rrdtool_pipe;

	if (!rrdtool_is_process($process)) {
		cacti_log('ERROR: RRDtool process unavailable for ' . $context . '.', false, $logopt);

		return false;
	}

	$result = rrdtool_process_command($process, $command_line);

	if ($auto_close) {
		__rrd_close($process);
	}

	if (!$result['success']) {
		cacti_log('ERROR: RRDtool rejected ' . $context . ': ' . $result['error'], false, $logopt);
	}

	return rrdtool_format_result($result, $output_flag);
}
function rrdtool_trim_output(string &$output) : void {
	global $user_time, $system_time, $real_time;

	/**
	 * When using RRDtool with proc_open for long strings
	 * and using the '-' to handle standard in from inside
	 * the process, RRDtool automatically appends stderr
	 * to stdout for batch programs to parse the output
	 * string.  So, therefore, we have to prune that
	 * output.
	 */
	if (CACTI_SERVER_OS == 'win32') {
		$output = rtrim($output, "OK \n\r");
	} else {
		$okpos = strrpos($output, 'OK u:');

		if ($okpos !== false) {
			$stats  = substr($output, $okpos);
			$line   = trim($stats, ' OK');
			$parts  = explode(' ', $line);

			foreach ($parts as $line) {
				$sparts = explode(':', $line);

				switch($sparts[0]) {
					case 'u':
						$user_time = $sparts[1];

						break;
					case 's':
						$system_time = $sparts[1];

						break;
					case 'r':
						$real_time = $sparts[1];

						break;
				}
			}

			$output = substr($output, 0, $okpos);
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Execute an RRDtool command through the remote proxy.
 *
 * @param string|array $command_line  RRDtool command string, or one string argument per array element
 * @param bool         $log_to_stdout Whether to echo log output
 * @param int          $output_flag   Requested RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_* result mode
 * @param mixed        $rrdp          Existing proxy connection tuple, or an empty value
 * @param string       $logopt        Logging context identifier
 *
 * @return mixed Output in the requested mode, or false when transport/protocol validation fails
 */
function __rrd_proxy_execute(string|array $command_line, bool $log_to_stdout, int $output_flag = RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_STDOUT, mixed $rrdp = '', string $logopt = 'WEBLOG') : mixed {
	if (is_array($command_line)) {
		$command_line = rrdtool_build_command($command_line);

		if ($command_line === false) {
			cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP ERROR: Invalid proxy command argument list.', $log_to_stdout, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);

			return false;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * WIN32: before sending this command off to rrdtool, get rid
	 * of all of the '\' characters. Unix does not care; win32 does.
	 * Also make sure to replace all of the fancy "\"s at the end of the line,
	 * but make sure not to get rid of the "\n"s that are supposed to be
	 * in there (text format)
	 */
	$command_line = str_replace([CACTI_PATH_RRA, "\\\n"], ['.', ' '], $command_line);

	/* Strip control characters before the command is sent to the rrdtool proxy,
	 * so a CR/LF in a field value cannot inject a second command at the proxy
	 * pipe. Mirrors the guard in __rrd_execute() for the local path. */
	$command_line = rrd_strip_control_chars($command_line);

	// output information to the log file if appropriate
	cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP: ' . rrdtool_command_log_context($command_line), $log_to_stdout, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_DEBUG);

	// store the last command to provide rrdtool segfault diagnostics
	$last_command    = $command_line;
	$rrdp_auto_close = false;

	if (!$rrdp) {
		$rrdp            = __rrd_proxy_init($logopt);
		$rrdp_auto_close = true;
	}

	if (!$rrdp) {
		cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP ERROR: Unable to connect to RRDtool proxy.', $log_to_stdout, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);

		return false;
	} else {
		cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP NOTE: Connection to RRDtool proxy has already been established.', $log_to_stdout, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_DEBUG);
	}

	if (!is_array($rrdp) || !isset($rrdp[0], $rrdp[1]) || !($rrdp[0] instanceof Socket) || !is_string($rrdp[1])) {
		cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP ERROR: Invalid proxy connection state.', $log_to_stdout, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);

		return false;
	}

	$rrdp_socket     = $rrdp[0];
	$rrdp_public_key = $rrdp[1];

	if (strlen($command_line) >= 8192) {
		$compressed = gzencode($command_line, 1);

		if ($compressed !== false) {
			$command_line = $compressed;
		}
	}

	try {
		$frame = encrypt($command_line, $rrdp_public_key) . RRD_PROXY_END_OF_SEQUENCE;
	} catch (Throwable $e) {
		cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP ERROR: Unable to encode the proxy request.', $log_to_stdout, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);

		if ($rrdp_auto_close) {
			__rrd_proxy_close($rrdp);
		}

		return false;
	}

	if (!rrdtool_proxy_write($rrdp_socket, $frame)) {
		cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP ERROR: Data Transfer - unable to write complete request.', $log_to_stdout, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);

		if ($rrdp_auto_close) {
			__rrd_proxy_close($rrdp);
		}

		return false;
	}

	$frame = rrdtool_proxy_read_frame($rrdp_socket, RRD_PROXY_END_OF_SEQUENCE, RRD_PROXY_MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE);

	if ($frame === false) {
		cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP ERROR: Data Transfer - timed out, closed, or exceeded the response limit.', $log_to_stdout, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);

		if ($rrdp_auto_close) {
			__rrd_proxy_close($rrdp);
		}

		return false;
	}

	$response = rrdtool_proxy_decode_response($frame);

	if ($response === false) {
		cacti_log('CACTI2RRDP ERROR: Malformed, undecodable, or unterminated proxy response.', $log_to_stdout, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);

		if ($rrdp_auto_close) {
			__rrd_proxy_close($rrdp);
		}

		return false;
	}

	cacti_log('RRDP: ' . $response['raw'], $log_to_stdout, $logopt, POLLER_VERBOSITY_DEBUG);

	if ($rrdp_auto_close) {
		__rrd_proxy_close($rrdp);
	}

	switch ($output_flag) {
		case RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_NULL:
			return $response['success'] ? 'OK' : false;
		case RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_STDOUT:
			return $response['success'] ? rtrim($response['output']) : false;
		case RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_GRAPH_DATA:
			// Graph output is binary. The proxy decoder has already removed the
			// protocol terminator, so trimming here could corrupt valid image bytes.
			return $response['success'] ? $response['output'] : false;
		case RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_STDERR:
			if (!$response['success']) {
				print $response['raw'];

				return false;
			}

			if (substr($response['output'], 1, 3) == 'PNG') {
				return 'OK';
			}

			if (str_starts_with($response['output'], 'GIF87')) {
				return 'OK';
			}

			if (str_starts_with($response['output'], '<?xml')) {
				return 'SVG/XML Output OK';
			}

			print $response['output'];

			return true;
		case RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_RETURN_STDERR:
			return $response['raw'];
		case RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_BOOLEAN:
			return $response['success'];
		default:
			return false;
	}
}

function rrdtool_function_interface_speed(array $data_local) : string {
	static $speed_cache = [];

	$cache_key = implode(':', [$data_local['host_id'], $data_local['snmp_query_id'], $data_local['snmp_index']]);

	if (isset($speed_cache[$cache_key])) {
		return $speed_cache[$cache_key];
	}

	$fields = db_fetch_assoc_prepared('SELECT field_name, field_value
		FROM host_snmp_cache
		WHERE host_id = ?
		AND snmp_query_id = ?
		AND snmp_index = ?
		AND field_name IN (?, ?)',
		[$data_local['host_id'], $data_local['snmp_query_id'], $data_local['snmp_index'], 'ifHighSpeed', 'ifSpeed']
	);
	$speeds = array_rekey($fields, 'field_name', 'field_value');

	$ifHighSpeed = $speeds['ifHighSpeed'] ?? false;
	$ifSpeed     = $speeds['ifSpeed'] ?? false;

	if (!empty($ifHighSpeed)) {
		$speed = (int) $ifHighSpeed * 1000000;
	} elseif (!empty($ifSpeed)) {
		$speed = (int) $ifSpeed;
	} else {
		$speed = intval(read_config_option('default_interface_speed'));

		if (empty($speed)) {
			$speed = '10000000000000';
		} else {
			$speed *= 1000000;
		}
	}

	$speed_cache[$cache_key] = (string) $speed;

	return $speed_cache[$cache_key];
}

/**
 * Reject an RRD file path that shows directory traversal or a NUL byte, and
 * confine it to the RRA directory when that base can be resolved.
 *
 * data_source_path is stored in the database and flows into every rrdtool
 * create/fetch/update/graph command. A '..' segment or a NUL byte would let a
 * crafted path escape the RRA directory. The traversal/NUL check is
 * unconditional so a legitimate path is never refused. Containment under the
 * RRA base is enforced only when both the base and the target (or its parent
 * directory, for a not-yet-created file) resolve with realpath(); remote
 * storage, where the path is proxy relative, leaves them unresolved and is not
 * second-guessed.
 *
 * @param string      $path     The candidate RRD file path.
 * @param string|null $rra_base RRA base directory; defaults to CACTI_PATH_RRA.
 *
 * @return bool True when the path is safe to use.
 */
function rrd_check_path(string $path, ?string $rra_base = null) : bool {
	if ($path === '' || strpos($path, "\0") !== false) {
		return false;
	}

	// '..' between path boundaries (or at either edge) denotes traversal.
	if (preg_match('/(^|[\/\\\\:])\.\.([\/\\\\:]|$)/', $path)) {
		return false;
	}

	if ($rra_base === null) {
		$rra_base = defined('CACTI_PATH_RRA') ? (string) CACTI_PATH_RRA : '';
	}

	// When the RRA base cannot be resolved (e.g. remote/proxy storage), the
	// syntactic traversal/NUL checks above are all that apply.
	$base = ($rra_base !== '') ? realpath($rra_base) : false;

	if ($base === false) {
		return true;
	}

	/* Resolve the target as strictly as the filesystem allows: realpath() when
	 * the file exists (also collapses symlinks), else realpath() of the nearest
	 * existing ancestor with the not-yet-created tail appended. A path whose
	 * whole tail is missing cannot be resolved that way, so fall back to a
	 * lexical absolute form. A relative path we cannot resolve is refused
	 * rather than waved through, which was the hole that let a target with a
	 * non-existent parent skip confinement (the create flow mkdir()s parents). */
	$real = realpath($path);

	if ($real === false) {
		$dir  = $path;
		$tail = '';

		while (true) {
			$parent = dirname($dir);
			$tail   = ($tail === '') ? basename($dir) : basename($dir) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $tail;

			$resolved = realpath($parent);

			if ($resolved !== false) {
				$real = $resolved . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $tail;

				break;
			}

			if ($parent === $dir) {
				// reached the root without an existing ancestor
				$real = (strpos($path, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) === 0) ? $path : false;

				break;
			}

			$dir = $parent;
		}
	}

	if ($real === false) {
		return false;
	}

	$base = rtrim($base, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;

	return strncmp($real . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $base, strlen($base)) === 0;
}

function rrdtool_function_create(int $local_data_id, bool $show_source, mixed $rrdtool_pipe = null) : mixed {
	global $data_source_types, $consolidation_functions, $encryption;

	include(CACTI_PATH_INCLUDE . '/global_arrays.php');

	$data_source_path = get_data_source_path($local_data_id, true);

	if (!rrd_check_path($data_source_path)) {
		cacti_log("ERROR: Refusing unsafe data source path '$data_source_path' for local_data_id $local_data_id", false, 'RRDTOOL');

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * ok, if that passes lets check to make sure an rra does not already
	 * exist, the last thing we want to do is overright data!
	 */
	if ($show_source != true) {
		if (rrdtool_file_exists($data_source_path, $rrdtool_pipe)) {
			return -1;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * the first thing we must do is make sure there is at least one
	 * rra associated with this data source... *
	 * UPDATE: As of version 0.6.6, we are splitting this up into two
	 * SQL strings because of the multiple DS per RRD support. This is
	 * not a big deal however since this function gets called once per
	 * data source
	 */
	$rras = db_fetch_assoc_prepared('SELECT dtd.rrd_step, dsp.x_files_factor,
		dspr.steps, dspr.rows, dspc.consolidation_function_id,
		(dspr.rows*dspr.steps) AS rra_order
		FROM data_template_data AS dtd
		LEFT JOIN data_source_profiles AS dsp
		ON dtd.data_source_profile_id=dsp.id
		LEFT JOIN data_source_profiles_rra AS dspr
		ON dsp.id=dspr.data_source_profile_id
		LEFT JOIN data_source_profiles_cf AS dspc
		ON dsp.id=dspc.data_source_profile_id
		WHERE dtd.local_data_id = ?
		AND (dspr.steps IS NOT NULL OR dspr.rows IS NOT NULL)
		ORDER BY dspc.consolidation_function_id, rra_order, dspr.steps',
		[$local_data_id]
	);

	// if we find that this DS has no RRA associated; get out
	if (cacti_sizeof($rras) <= 0) {
		cacti_log("ERROR: There are no RRA's assigned to local_data_id: $local_data_id.");

		return false;
	}

	// create the "--step" line
	$create_ds = RRD_NL . '--start 0 --step ' . $rras[0]['rrd_step'] . ' ' . RRD_NL;

	/**
	 * We have to check for Non-Templated Data Source first as they may not include
	 * a graph.  So, for that case, we need the RRDfile to include all data sources
	 */
	$data_template_id = db_fetch_cell_prepared('SELECT data_template_id
		FROM data_local
		WHERE id = ?',
		[$local_data_id]);

	if ($data_template_id > 0) {
		$data_sources = db_fetch_assoc_prepared('SELECT DISTINCT dtr.id, dtr.data_source_name, dtr.rrd_heartbeat,
			dtr.rrd_minimum, dtr.rrd_maximum, dtr.data_source_type_id
			FROM data_template_rrd AS dtr
			INNER JOIN graph_templates_item AS gti
			ON dtr.id = gti.task_item_id
			WHERE local_data_id = ?
			ORDER BY local_data_template_rrd_id',
			[$local_data_id]
		);
	} else {
		$data_sources = db_fetch_assoc_prepared('SELECT DISTINCT dtr.id, dtr.data_source_name, dtr.rrd_heartbeat,
			dtr.rrd_minimum, dtr.rrd_maximum, dtr.data_source_type_id
			FROM data_template_rrd AS dtr
			WHERE local_data_id = ?
			ORDER BY local_data_template_rrd_id',
			[$local_data_id]
		);
	}

	/**
	 * ONLY make a new DS entry if:
	 *
	 * - There are multiple data sources and this item is not the main one.
	 * - There are only one data source (then use it)
	 */
	if (cacti_sizeof($data_sources)) {
		$data_local = db_fetch_row_prepared('SELECT host_id,
			snmp_query_id, snmp_index
			FROM data_local
			WHERE id = ?',
			[$local_data_id]
		);

		$speed = is_array($data_local) ? rrdtool_function_interface_speed($data_local) : (string) intval(read_config_option('default_interface_speed')) * 1000000;

		foreach ($data_sources as $data_source) {
			// use the cacti ds name by default or the user defined one, if entered
			$data_source_name = get_data_source_item_name($data_source['id']);

			// Trim the data source maximum
			$data_source['rrd_maximum'] = trim($data_source['rrd_maximum']);

			if ($data_source['rrd_maximum'] == 'U') {
				// in case no maximum is given, use "Undef" value
				$data_source['rrd_maximum'] = 'U';
			} elseif (str_contains($data_source['rrd_maximum'], '|query_')) {
				// in case a query variable is given, evaluate it
				if ($data_source['rrd_maximum'] == '|query_ifSpeed|' || $data_source['rrd_maximum'] == '|query_ifHighSpeed|') {
					$data_source['rrd_maximum'] = $speed;
				} elseif (is_array($data_local)) {
					$data_source['rrd_maximum'] = substitute_snmp_query_data($data_source['rrd_maximum'], $data_local['host_id'], $data_local['snmp_query_id'], $data_local['snmp_index']);
				}
			} elseif ($data_source['rrd_maximum'] != 'U' && (int)$data_source['rrd_maximum'] <= (int)$data_source['rrd_minimum']) {
				// max > min required, but take care of an "Undef" value
				if ($data_source['data_source_type_id'] == 1 || $data_source['data_source_type_id'] == 4) {
					$data_source['rrd_maximum'] = 'U';
				} else {
					$data_source['rrd_maximum'] = (int)$data_source['rrd_minimum'] + 1;
				}
			}

			// min==max==0 won't work with rrdtool
			if ($data_source['rrd_minimum'] == 0 && $data_source['rrd_maximum'] == 0) {
				$data_source['rrd_maximum'] = 'U';
			}

			// the bounds are about to be concatenated onto an rrdtool command line, so
			// never let anything but a number or the literal 'U' reach that sink
			foreach (['rrd_minimum', 'rrd_maximum'] as $bound) {
				if ($data_source[$bound] !== 'U' && !is_numeric($data_source[$bound])) {
					cacti_log("ERROR: Non-numeric $bound '" . $data_source[$bound] . "' for data source '$data_source_name' local_data_id " . $local_data_id, false, 'RRDTOOL');

					$data_source[$bound] = 'U';
				}
			}

			$create_ds .= "DS:$data_source_name:" . $data_source_types[$data_source['data_source_type_id']] . ':' . $data_source['rrd_heartbeat'] . ':' . $data_source['rrd_minimum'] . ':' . $data_source['rrd_maximum'] . RRD_NL;
		}
	}

	$create_rra = '';

	// loop through each available RRA for this DS
	foreach ($rras as $rra) {
		$create_rra .= 'RRA:' . $consolidation_functions[$rra['consolidation_function_id']] . ':' . $rra['x_files_factor'] . ':' . $rra['steps'] . ':' . $rra['rows'] . RRD_NL;
	}

	$owner_id = 0;
	$group_id = 0;

	if (CACTI_SERVER_OS != 'win32') {
		$owner_id = fileowner(CACTI_PATH_RRA);
		$group_id = filegroup(CACTI_PATH_RRA);
	}

	/**
	 * check for structured path configuration, if in place verify directory
	 * exists and if not create it.
	 */
	if (read_config_option('extended_paths') == 'on') {
		if (read_config_option('storage_location')) {
			if (rrdtool_execute('is_dir ' . cacti_escapeshellarg(dirname($data_source_path)), true, RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_BOOLEAN, $rrdtool_pipe, 'POLLER') === false) {
				if (rrdtool_execute('mkdir ' . cacti_escapeshellarg(dirname($data_source_path)), true, RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_BOOLEAN, $rrdtool_pipe, 'POLLER') === false) {
					cacti_log("ERROR: Unable to create directory '" . dirname($data_source_path) . "'", false);
				}
			}
		} elseif (!is_dir(dirname($data_source_path))) {
			if (CACTI_WEB == false || is_writable(CACTI_PATH_RRA)) {
				if (mkdir(dirname($data_source_path), 0775, true)) {
					if (CACTI_SERVER_OS != 'win32' && posix_getuid() == 0) {
						$success  = true;
						$paths    = explode('/', str_replace(CACTI_PATH_RRA, '/', dirname($data_source_path)));
						$spath    = '';

						foreach ($paths as $path) {
							if ($path == '') {
								continue;
							}

							$spath .= '/' . $path;

							$powner_id = fileowner(CACTI_PATH_RRA . $spath);
							$pgroup_id = filegroup(CACTI_PATH_RRA . $spath);

							if ($powner_id !== false && $owner_id !== false && $powner_id != $owner_id) {
								$success = chown(CACTI_PATH_RRA . $spath, $owner_id);
							}

							if ($pgroup_id !== false && $group_id !== false && $pgroup_id != $group_id && $success) {
								$success = chgrp(CACTI_PATH_RRA . $spath, $group_id);
							}

							if (!$success) {
								cacti_log("ERROR: Unable to set directory permissions for '" . CACTI_PATH_RRA . $spath . "'", false);

								break;
							}
						}
					}
				} else {
					cacti_log("ERROR: Unable to create directory '" . dirname($data_source_path) . "'", false);
				}
			} else {
				cacti_log("WARNING: Poller has not created structured path '" . dirname($data_source_path) . "' yet.", false);
			}
		}
	}

	if ($show_source == true) {
		return read_config_option('path_rrdtool') . ' create' . RRD_NL . cacti_escapeshellarg($data_source_path) . $create_ds . $create_rra;
	} else {
		$success = rrdtool_execute('create ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($data_source_path) . " $create_ds$create_rra", true, RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_STDOUT, $rrdtool_pipe, 'POLLER');

		if (CACTI_SERVER_OS != 'win32' && posix_getuid() == 0) {
			if (file_exists($data_source_path)) {
				chown($data_source_path, (int) $owner_id);
				chgrp($data_source_path, (int) $group_id);
			} else {
				cacti_log('WARNING: RRDCreate failed for ' . rrdtool_command_log_context('create ' . $data_source_path), false, 'POLLER');
			}
		}

		return $success;
	}
}

function rrdtool_function_update(array $update_cache_array, mixed $rrdtool_pipe = null) : int {
	// lets count the number of rrd files processed
	$rrds_processed = 0;

	foreach ($update_cache_array as $rrd_path => $rrd_fields) {
		if (cacti_sizeof($rrd_fields['times'])) {
			$file_exists = rrdtool_file_exists($rrd_path, $rrdtool_pipe);

			ksort($rrd_fields['times']);

			if ($file_exists === false) {
				rrdtool_function_create($rrd_fields['local_data_id'], false, $rrdtool_pipe);
			}

			foreach ($rrd_fields['times'] as $update_time => $field_array) {
				if (empty($update_time)) {
					// default the rrdupdate time to now
					$rrd_update_values = 'N:';
				} else {
					$rrd_update_values = $update_time . ':';
				}

				$rrd_update_template = '';

				foreach ($field_array as $field_name => $value) {
					if ($rrd_update_template != '') {
						$rrd_update_template .= ':';
						$rrd_update_values .= ':';
					}

					$rrd_update_template .= $field_name;

					// if we have "invalid data", give rrdtool an Unknown (U)
					if (!isset($value) || !is_numeric($value)) {
						$value = 'U';
					}

					$rrd_update_values .= $value;
				}

				if (cacti_version_compare(get_rrdtool_version(), '1.5', '>=')) {
					$update_options = '--skip-past-updates';
				} else {
					$update_options = '';
				}

				$update_result = rrdtool_execute('update ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($rrd_path) . " $update_options --template $rrd_update_template $rrd_update_values", true, RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_STDOUT, $rrdtool_pipe, 'POLLER');

				if ($update_result !== false) {
					$rrds_processed++;
				} else {
					cacti_log('ERROR: RRDtool update failed for ' . rrdtool_command_log_context('update ' . $rrd_path), false, 'POLLER');
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return $rrds_processed;
}

function rrdtool_function_tune(array $rrd_tune_array) : void {
	global $data_source_types;

	include(CACTI_PATH_INCLUDE . '/global_arrays.php');

	$data_source_name = get_data_source_item_name($rrd_tune_array['data_source_id']);
	$data_source_type = $data_source_types[$rrd_tune_array['data-source-type']];
	$data_source_path = get_data_source_path($rrd_tune_array['data_source_id'], true);

	$rrd_tune = '';

	if ($rrd_tune_array['heartbeat'] != '') {
		$rrd_tune .= ' --heartbeat ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($data_source_name . ':' . $rrd_tune_array['heartbeat']);
	}

	if ($rrd_tune_array['minimum'] != '') {
		$rrd_tune .= ' --minimum ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($data_source_name . ':' . $rrd_tune_array['minimum']);
	}

	if ($rrd_tune_array['maximum'] != '') {
		$rrd_tune .= ' --maximum ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($data_source_name . ':' . $rrd_tune_array['maximum']);
	}

	if ($rrd_tune_array['data-source-type'] != '') {
		$rrd_tune .= ' --data-source-type ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($data_source_name . ':' . $data_source_type);
	}

	if ($rrd_tune_array['data-source-rename'] != '') {
		$rrd_tune .= ' --data-source-rename ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($data_source_name . ':' . $rrd_tune_array['data-source-rename']);
	}

	if ($rrd_tune != '') {
		if (file_exists($data_source_path) == true) {
			$result = rrdtool_execute(
				'tune ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($data_source_path) . $rrd_tune,
				false,
				RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_BOOLEAN,
				null,
				'WEBLOG'
			);

			if ($result === false) {
				cacti_log('ERROR: Unable to tune ' . rrdtool_command_log_context('tune ' . $data_source_path) . '.', false, 'WEBLOG');
			}
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Convert RRDtool fetch output into Cacti's timestamp-indexed representation.
 *
 * RRDtool emits one bucket after the requested end.  The graph window is
 * end-inclusive, so that bucket must not reach percentile and summation users.
 *
 * @param string $output              Raw RRDtool fetch output
 * @param int    $normalized_end_time Absolute requested end timestamp
 * @param bool   $show_unknown        Preserve unknown values as 'U'
 *
 * @return array Parsed data source names, timestamps, effective step, and values
 */
function rrdtool_parse_fetch_output(string $output, int $normalized_end_time, bool $show_unknown = false) : array {
	/** @var array{data_source_names?: list<string>, timestamp?: array{start_time?: int, end_time?: int, step?: int}, values?: array<int, array<int, numeric-string|'U'>>} $fetch_array */
	$fetch_array        = [];
	$lines              = explode("\n", $output);
	$first              = true;
	$previous_timestamp = null;
	$last_timestamp     = null;
	$effective_step     = 0;

	foreach ($lines as $line) {
		$line = trim($line);

		if ($first) {
			if ($line == '') {
				continue;
			}

			$names = preg_split('/\s+/', $line);

			if ($names === false) {
				return [];
			}

			$fetch_array['data_source_names'] = $names;
			$first                            = false;

			continue;
		}

		if ($line == '' || !str_contains($line, ':')) {
			continue;
		}

		[$raw_timestamp, $raw_data] = explode(':', $line, 2);

		if (!is_numeric(trim($raw_timestamp))) {
			continue;
		}

		$timestamp = (int) trim($raw_timestamp);

		if ($previous_timestamp !== null) {
			$observed_step = $timestamp - $previous_timestamp;

			if ($observed_step > 0 && ($effective_step == 0 || $observed_step < $effective_step)) {
				$effective_step = $observed_step;
			}
		}

		if ($timestamp > $normalized_end_time) {
			continue;
		}

		$previous_timestamp = $timestamp;
		$last_timestamp     = $timestamp;
		$data               = preg_split('/\s+/', trim($raw_data));

		if ($data === false) {
			continue;
		}

		if (!isset($fetch_array['timestamp']['start_time'])) {
			$fetch_array['timestamp']['start_time'] = $timestamp;
		}

		foreach ($data as $index => $number) {
			if (cacti_strtolower($number) == 'nan' || cacti_strtolower($number) == '-nan') {
				if ($show_unknown) {
					$fetch_array['values'][$index][$timestamp] = 'U';
				}
			} elseif (is_numeric($number)) {
				$fetch_array['values'][$index][$timestamp] = $number;
			} elseif ($show_unknown) {
				$fetch_array['values'][$index][$timestamp] = 'U';
			}
		}
	}

	if ($last_timestamp !== null) {
		$fetch_array['timestamp']['end_time'] = $last_timestamp;
		$fetch_array['timestamp']['step']     = $effective_step;
	}

	return $fetch_array;
}

/**
 * rrdtool_function_fetch - given a data source, return all of its data in an array
 *
 * @param int    $local_data_id The data source to fetch data for
 * @param int    $start_time    The start time to use for the data calculation. this value can
 *                              either be absolute (unix timestamp) or relative (to now)
 * @param int    $end_time      The end time to use for the data calculation. this value can
 *                              either be absolute (unix timestamp) or relative (to now)
 * @param int    $resolution    The accuracy of the data measured in seconds
 * @param bool   $show_unknown  Show unknown 'NAN' values in the output as 'U'
 * @param string $rrdtool_file  Don't force Cacti to calculate the file
 * @param string $cf            Specify the consolidation function to use
 * @param mixed  $rrdtool_pipe  A pipe to an rrdtool command
 *
 * @return array An array containing all data in this data source broken down
 *               by each data source item. the maximum of all data source items is included in
 *               an item called 'nth_percentile_maximum'.  The array will look as follows:
 *
 *   $fetch_array['data_source_names'][0] = 'ds1'
 *   $fetch_array['data_source_names'][1] = 'ds2'
 *   $fetch_array['data_source_names'][2] = 'nth_percentile_maximum'
 *   $fetch_array['start_time'] = $timestamp;
 *   $fetch_array['end_time']   = $timestamp;
 *   $fetch_array['values'][$dsindex1][...]  = $value;
 *   $fetch_array['values'][$dsindex2][...]  = $value;
 *   $fetch_array['values'][$nth_index][...] = $value;
 *
 *   Again, the 'nth_percentile_maximum' will have the maximum value amongst all the
 *   data sources for each set of data.  So, if you have traffic_in and traffic_out,
 *   each member element in the array will have the maximum of traffic_in and traffic_out
 *   in it.
 */
function rrdtool_function_fetch(int $local_data_id, int $start_time, int $end_time, int $resolution = 0,
	bool $show_unknown = false, string $rrdtool_file = '', string $cf = 'AVERAGE', mixed $rrdtool_pipe = null) : array {
	include_once(CACTI_PATH_LIBRARY . '/boost.php');

	// validate local data id
	if (empty($local_data_id) && $rrdtool_file == '') {
		return [];
	}

	$time                  = time();
	$normalized_start_time = $start_time < 0 ? $time + $start_time : $start_time;
	$normalized_end_time   = $end_time < 0 ? $time + $end_time : $end_time;

	// initialize fetch array
	$fetch_array = [];

	// check if we have been passed a file instead of local data source to look up
	if ($rrdtool_file == '') {
		$data_source_path = get_data_source_path($local_data_id, true);
	} else {
		$data_source_path = $rrdtool_file;
	}

	// Find the correct resolution
	if ($resolution == 0) {
		$resolution = rrdtool_function_get_resstep($local_data_id, $normalized_start_time, $normalized_end_time, 'res');
	}

	// update the rrdfile if performing a fetch
	boost_fetch_cache_check($local_data_id, $rrdtool_pipe);

	// rrdtool consolidation function is a fixed keyword set; never pass it through unchecked
	if (!in_array($cf, ['AVERAGE', 'MIN', 'MAX', 'LAST'], true)) {
		$cf = 'AVERAGE';
	}

	// build and run the rrdtool fetch command with all of our data
	$cmd_line = 'fetch ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($data_source_path) . " $cf -s $normalized_start_time -e $normalized_end_time";

	if ($resolution > 0) {
		$cmd_line .= " -r $resolution";
	}

	$output = rrdtool_execute($cmd_line, false, RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_STDOUT, $rrdtool_pipe);

	if (!is_string($output)) {
		return $fetch_array;
	}

	return rrdtool_parse_fetch_output($output, $normalized_end_time, $show_unknown);
}

function rrd_function_process_graph_options(int $graph_start, int $graph_end, array &$graph, array &$graph_data_array) : string {
	global $image_types;

	include(CACTI_PATH_INCLUDE . '/global_arrays.php');

	// define some variables
	$scale               = '';
	$rigid               = '';
	$unit_value          = '';
	$version             = get_rrdtool_version();
	$unit_exponent_value = '';

	if ($graph['auto_scale'] == 'on') {
		switch ($graph['auto_scale_opts']) {
			case '1': // autoscale ignores lower, upper limit
				$scale = '--alt-autoscale' . RRD_NL;

				break;
			case '2': // autoscale-max, accepts a given lower limit
				$scale = '--alt-autoscale-max' . RRD_NL;

				if (is_numeric($graph['lower_limit'])) {
					$scale .= '--lower-limit=' . cacti_escapeshellarg((string) $graph['lower_limit']) . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case '3': // autoscale-min, accepts a given upper limit
				$scale = '--alt-autoscale-min' . RRD_NL;

				if (is_numeric($graph['upper_limit'])) {
					$scale .= '--upper-limit=' . cacti_escapeshellarg((string) $graph['upper_limit']) . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case '4': // auto_scale with limits
				$scale = '--alt-autoscale' . RRD_NL;

				if (is_numeric($graph['upper_limit'])) {
					$scale .= '--upper-limit=' . cacti_escapeshellarg((string) $graph['upper_limit']) . RRD_NL;
				}

				if (is_numeric($graph['lower_limit'])) {
					$scale .= '--lower-limit=' . cacti_escapeshellarg((string) $graph['lower_limit']) . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
		}
	} else {
		if ($graph['upper_limit'] != '') {
			$scale =  '--upper-limit=' . cacti_escapeshellarg($graph['upper_limit']) . RRD_NL;
		}

		if ($graph['lower_limit'] != '') {
			$scale .= '--lower-limit=' . cacti_escapeshellarg($graph['lower_limit']) . RRD_NL;
		}
	}

	if ($graph['auto_scale_log'] == 'on') {
		$scale .= '--logarithmic' . RRD_NL;
	}

	// --units=si only defined for logarithmic y-axis scaling, even if it doesn't hurt on linear graphs
	if ($graph['scale_log_units'] == 'on' && $graph['auto_scale_log'] == 'on') {
		$scale .= '--units=si' . RRD_NL;
	}

	if ($graph['auto_scale_rigid'] == 'on') {
		$rigid = '--rigid' . RRD_NL;
	}

	if ($graph['unit_value'] != '') {
		$unit_value = '--y-grid=' . cacti_escapeshellarg($graph['unit_value']) . RRD_NL;
	}

	if (preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $graph['unit_exponent_value'])) {
		$unit_exponent_value = '--units-exponent=' . cacti_escapeshellarg($graph['unit_exponent_value']) . RRD_NL;
	}

	/*
	 * optionally you can specify and array that overrides some of the db's values, lets set
	 * that all up here
	 */

	// override: graph height (in pixels)
	if (isset($graph_data_array['graph_height'])) {
		$graph_height = $graph_data_array['graph_height'];
	} else {
		$graph_height = $graph['height'];
	}

	// override: graph width (in pixels)
	if (isset($graph_data_array['graph_width'])) {
		$graph_width = $graph_data_array['graph_width'];
	} else {
		$graph_width = $graph['width'];
	}

	// override: skip drawing the legend?
	if (isset($graph_data_array['graph_nolegend'])) {
		$graph_legend = '--no-legend' . RRD_NL;
	} else {
		$graph_legend = '';
	}

	// export options
	if (isset($graph_data_array['export'])) {
		$graph_opts = cacti_escapeshellarg((string) $graph_data_array['export_filename']) . RRD_NL;
	} else {
		if (empty($graph_data_array['output_filename'])) {
			$graph_opts = '-' . RRD_NL;
		} else {
			$graph_opts = cacti_escapeshellarg((string) $graph_data_array['output_filename']) . RRD_NL;
		}
	}

	if (isset($graph_data_array['image_format']) && $graph_data_array['image_format'] == 'png') {
		$graph['image_format_id'] = 1;
	}

	// basic graph options
	$graph_opts .=
		'--imgformat=' . $image_types[$graph['image_format_id']] . RRD_NL .
		'--start=' . $graph_start . RRD_NL .
		'--end=' . $graph_end . RRD_NL;

	$graph_opts .= '--pango-markup ' . RRD_NL;

	if (read_config_option('rrdtool_watermark') == 'on') {
		$graph_opts .= '--disable-rrdtool-tag ' . RRD_NL;
	}

	// activate --add-jsontime option for graphv only and RRDtool version 1.8.0 and above
	if (isset($graph_data_array['graphv'])) {
		$rrdversion = get_rrdtool_version();

		if (cacti_version_compare($rrdversion, '1.8', '>=')) {
			$graph_opts .= '--add-jsontime ' . RRD_NL;
		}
	}

	foreach ($graph as $key => $value) {
		if (is_string($value)) {
			$value = rrdtool_resolve_graph_text($value, $graph);
		}

		switch($key) {
			case 'title_cache':
				if (!empty($value)) {
					$graph_opts .= '--title=' . cacti_escapeshellarg(htmle($value)) . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'alt_y_grid':
				if ($value == CHECKED) {
					$graph_opts .= '--alt-y-grid' . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'unit_value':
				if (!empty($value)) {
					$graph_opts .= '--y-grid=' . cacti_escapeshellarg($value) . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'unit_exponent_value':
				if (preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $value)) {
					$graph_opts .= '--units-exponent=' . $value . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'height':
				if (isset($graph_data_array['graph_height']) && preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $graph_data_array['graph_height'])) {
					$graph_opts .= '--height=' . $graph_data_array['graph_height'] . RRD_NL;
				} else {
					$graph_opts .= '--height=' . $value . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'width':
				if (isset($graph_data_array['graph_width']) && preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $graph_data_array['graph_width'])) {
					$graph_opts .= '--width=' . $graph_data_array['graph_width'] . RRD_NL;
				} else {
					$graph_opts .= '--width=' . $value . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'graph_nolegend':
				if (isset($graph_data_array['graph_nolegend'])) {
					$graph_opts .= '--no-legend' . RRD_NL;
				} else {
					$graph_opts .= '';
				}

				break;
			case 'base_value':
				if ($value == 1000 || $value == 1024) {
					$graph_opts .= '--base=' . $value . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'vertical_label':
				if (!empty($value)) {
					$graph_opts .= '--vertical-label=' . cacti_escapeshellarg(htmle($value)) . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'slope_mode':
				if ($value == CHECKED) {
					$graph_opts .= '--slope-mode' . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'right_axis':
				if (!empty($value)) {
					$graph_opts .= '--right-axis ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($value) . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'right_axis_label':
				if (!empty($value)) {
					$graph_opts .= '--right-axis-label ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($value) . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'right_axis_format':
				if (!empty($value)) {
					$format = $graph['right_axis_format_text'];
					$graph_opts .= '--right-axis-format ' . cacti_escapeshellarg(trim(str_replace('%s', '', $format))) . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'left_axis_format':
				if (!empty($value)) {
					$format = $graph['left_axis_format_text'];
					$graph_opts .= '--left-axis-format ' . cacti_escapeshellarg(trim(str_replace('%s', '', $format))) . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'no_gridfit':
				if ($value == CHECKED) {
					$graph_opts .= '--no-gridfit' . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'unit_length':
				if (!empty($value)) {
					$graph_opts .= '--units-length ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($value) . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'tab_width':
				if (!empty($value)) {
					$graph_opts .= '--tabwidth ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($value) . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'dynamic_labels':
				if ($value == CHECKED) {
					$graph_opts .= '--dynamic-labels' . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'force_rules_legend':
				if ($value == CHECKED) {
					$graph_opts .= '--force-rules-legend' . RRD_NL;
				}

				break;
			case 'legend_position':
				if (cacti_version_compare($version, '1.4', '>=')) {
					if (!empty($value)) {
						$graph_opts .= '--legend-position ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($value) . RRD_NL;
					}
				}

				break;
			case 'legend_direction':
				if (cacti_version_compare($version, '1.4', '>=')) {
					if (!empty($value)) {
						$graph_opts .= '--legend-direction ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($value) . RRD_NL;
					}
				}

				break;
			case 'left_axis_formatter':
				if (cacti_version_compare($version, '1.4', '>=')) {
					if (!empty($value)) {
						$graph_opts .= '--left-axis-formatter ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($value) . RRD_NL;
					}
				}

				break;
			case 'right_axis_formatter':
				if (cacti_version_compare($version, '1.4', '>=')) {
					if (!empty($value)) {
						$graph_opts .= '--right-axis-formatter ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($value) . RRD_NL;
					}
				}

				break;
		}
	}

	$graph_opts .= "$rigid" . trim("$scale$unit_value$unit_exponent_value$graph_legend", "\n\r " . RRD_NL) . RRD_NL;

	// add a date to the graph legend
	$graph_opts .= rrdtool_function_format_graph_date($graph_data_array);

	// process theme and font styling options
	$graph_opts .= rrdtool_function_theme_font_options($graph_data_array);

	/* NOTE: title, vertical-label and right-axis-label perform |query_*|
	 * substitution before cacti_escapeshellarg above, so a device-supplied
	 * value cannot break out of the quoted RRDtool argument. */

	$watermark = str_replace("'", '"', read_config_option('graph_watermark'));

	if ($watermark != '') {
		$graph_opts .= '--watermark ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($watermark) . RRD_NL;
	}

	// if the user desires to hide RRDtools warker, set it
	if (read_config_option('graph_watermark_rrd') != '') {
		$graph_opts .= '--disable-rrdtool-tag' . RRD_NL;
	}

	return $graph_opts;
}

/**
 * Resolve variables in one graph text value before the value is encoded for
 * RRDtool or a process transport.
 *
 * Graph text must never expand monitoring credentials.  Apart from leaking
 * secrets into graph output and debug logs, inserting a replacement after
 * quoting would allow the replacement to escape its argument boundary.
 *
 * @param string        $value      Unresolved graph text
 * @param array         $graph      Graph context
 * @param array         $graph_item Optional graph-item context
 * @param callable|null $resolver   Test seam for the substitution provider
 *
 * @return string Resolved graph text with sensitive variables removed
 */
function rrdtool_resolve_graph_text(string $value, array $graph, array $graph_item = [], ?callable $resolver = null) : string {
	$value = preg_replace(
		'/\|host_snmp_(?:community|username|password|priv_passphrase|context|engine_id)\|/i',
		'',
		$value
	) ?? '';

	$resolver ??= 'rrd_substitute_host_query_data';

	return (string) $resolver($value, $graph, $graph_item);
}

function rrdtool_function_graph(int $local_graph_id, mixed $rra_id, array $graph_data_array,
	mixed $rrdtool_pipe = null, mixed &$xport_meta = [], int $user = 0) : mixed {
	global $consolidation_functions, $graph_item_types, $encryption;

	include_once(CACTI_PATH_LIBRARY . '/cdef.php');
	include_once(CACTI_PATH_LIBRARY . '/vdef.php');
	include_once(CACTI_PATH_LIBRARY . '/graph_variables.php');
	include_once(CACTI_PATH_LIBRARY . '/boost.php');
	include_once(CACTI_PATH_LIBRARY . '/xml.php');
	include(CACTI_PATH_INCLUDE . '/global_arrays.php');

	/* prevent command injection
	 * This function prepares an rrdtool graph statement to be executed by the web server.
	 * We have to take care, that the attacker does not insert shell code.
	 * As some rrdtool parameters accept "Cacti variables", we have to perform the
	 * variable substitution prior to vulnerability checks.
	 * We will enclose all parameters in quotes and substitute quotation marks within
	 * those parameters.
	 */

	/* before we do anything; make sure the user has permission to view this graph,
	if not then get out */
	if ($user > 0) {
		if (!is_graph_allowed($local_graph_id, $user)) {
			return 'GRAPH ACCESS DENIED';
		}
	}

	if (getenv('LANG') == '') {
		putenv('LANG=' . str_replace('-', '_', CACTI_LOCALE) . '.UTF-8');
	}

	/* several callers pass '' when no rra is selected; boost_graph_set_file()
	   expects int|null and throws a TypeError on a string. Only whole numbers
	   are archive ids; anything else falls back to best-fit selection */
	$rra_id = (is_int($rra_id) || ctype_digit((string)$rra_id)) ? (int)$rra_id : null;

	// check the purge the boost poller output cache, and check for a live image file if caching is enabled
	$graph_data = boost_graph_cache_check($local_graph_id, $rra_id, $rrdtool_pipe, $graph_data_array, false);

	if ($graph_data !== false) {
		return $graph_data;
	}

	if (empty($graph_data_array['graph_start'])) {
		$graph_data_array['graph_start'] = -86400;
	}

	if (empty($graph_data_array['graph_end'])) {
		$main_last_run = intval(read_config_option('poller_lastrun_1'));
		$now_time      = time();
		$default_delta = intval(read_config_option('poller_interval')) * -1;

		if ($main_last_run > 0) {
			$delta_time = $main_last_run - $now_time;

			// DST time change detected
			if ($delta_time > 0) {
				$delta_time = $default_delta;
			}
		} else {
			$delta_time = $default_delta;
		}

		$graph_data_array['graph_end'] = $delta_time;
	}

	$local_data_ids = array_rekey(
		db_fetch_assoc_prepared('SELECT dtr.local_data_id
			FROM graph_templates_item AS gti
			INNER JOIN data_template_rrd AS dtr
			ON gti.task_item_id = dtr.id
			WHERE dtr.local_data_id > 0
			AND gti.local_graph_id = ?',
			[$local_graph_id]),
		'local_data_id', 'local_data_id'
	);

	$ds_step = rrdtool_function_get_resstep($local_data_ids, $graph_data_array['graph_start'], $graph_data_array['graph_end'], 'step');

	/* if no rra was specified, we need to figure out which one RRDtool will choose using
	 * "best-fit" resolution fit algorithm */
	if (empty($rra_id)) {
		if ($graph_data_array['graph_start'] == 0 || $graph_data_array['graph_end'] == 0) {
			$rra['rows']     = 600;
			$rra['steps']    = 1;
			$rra['timespan'] = 86400;
		} else {
			// get a list of RRAs related to this graph
			$rras = get_associated_rras($local_graph_id);

			if (cacti_sizeof($rras)) {
				foreach ($rras as $unchosen_rra) {
					// the timespan specified in the RRA "timespan" field may not be accurate
					$real_timespan = ($ds_step * $unchosen_rra['steps'] * $unchosen_rra['rows']);

					// make sure the current start/end times fit within each RRA's timespan
					if ($graph_data_array['graph_end'] - $graph_data_array['graph_start'] <= $real_timespan && time() - $graph_data_array['graph_start'] <= $real_timespan) {
						// is this RRA better than the already chosen one?
						if (isset($rra) && $unchosen_rra['steps'] < $rra['steps']) {
							$rra = $unchosen_rra;
						} elseif (!isset($rra)) {
							$rra = $unchosen_rra;
						}
					}
				}
			}

			if (!isset($rra)) {
				$rra['rows']     = 600;
				$rra['steps']    = 1;
				$rra['timespan'] = 86400;
			}
		}
	} else {
		$rra = db_fetch_row_prepared('SELECT
			dspr.rows, dsp.step, dspr.steps
			FROM data_source_profiles_rra AS dspr
			INNER JOIN data_source_profiles AS dsp
			ON dspr.data_source_profile_id=dsp.id
			WHERE dspr.id = ?',
			[$rra_id]
		);

		if (is_array($rra) && isset($rra['steps'])) {
			$rra['timespan'] = $rra['rows'] * $rra['step'] * $rra['steps'];
		} else {
			$rra             = [];
			$rra['timespan'] = 86400;
			$rra['steps']    = 1;
			$rra['rows']     = 600;
		}
	}

	if (!isset($graph_data_array['export_realtime']) && isset($rra['steps'])) {
		$rra_seconds = max(1, (int) $ds_step * (int) $rra['steps']);
	} else {
		$rra_seconds = 5;
	}

	$graph = db_fetch_row_prepared('SELECT gl.id AS local_graph_id, gl.host_id,
		gl.snmp_query_id, gl.snmp_index, gtg.title_cache, gtg.vertical_label,
		gtg.slope_mode, gtg.auto_scale, gtg.auto_scale_opts, gtg.auto_scale_log,
		gtg.scale_log_units, gtg.auto_scale_rigid, gtg.auto_padding, gtg.base_value,
		gtg.upper_limit, gtg.lower_limit, gtg.height, gtg.width, gtg.image_format_id,
		gtg.unit_value, gtg.unit_exponent_value, gtg.alt_y_grid,
		gtg.right_axis, gtg.right_axis_label, gtg.right_axis_format, gtg.no_gridfit,
		gtg.unit_length, gtg.tab_width, gtg.dynamic_labels, gtg.force_rules_legend,
		gtg.legend_position, gtg.legend_direction, gtg.right_axis_formatter,
		gtg.left_axis_format, gtg.left_axis_formatter,
		right_gprint.gprint_text AS right_axis_format_text,
		left_gprint.gprint_text AS left_axis_format_text
		FROM graph_templates_graph AS gtg
		INNER JOIN graph_local AS gl
		ON gl.id=gtg.local_graph_id
		LEFT JOIN graph_templates_gprint AS right_gprint
		ON right_gprint.id = gtg.right_axis_format
		LEFT JOIN graph_templates_gprint AS left_gprint
		ON left_gprint.id = gtg.left_axis_format
		WHERE gtg.local_graph_id = ?',
		[$local_graph_id]
	);

	// handle the case where the graph has been deleted
	if (!cacti_sizeof($graph)) {
		return false;
	}

	// lets make that sql query...
	$graph_items = db_fetch_assoc_prepared('SELECT gti.id AS graph_templates_item_id,
		gti.cdef_id, gti.vdef_id, gti.text_format, gti.value, gti.hard_return,
		gti.consolidation_function_id, gti.graph_type_id, gtgp.gprint_text,
		colors.hex, colors2.hex AS hex2, gti.alpha, gti.alpha2, gti.gradheight,
		gti.line_width, gti.dashes, gti.shift,
		gti.dash_offset, gti.textalign, dl.host_id AS data_source_host_id,
		dl.snmp_query_id, dl.snmp_index, gti.legend,
		dtr.id AS data_template_rrd_id, dl.id AS local_data_id,
		dtr.rrd_minimum, dtr.rrd_maximum, dtr.data_source_name, dtr.local_data_template_rrd_id,
		dtd.rrd_step
		FROM graph_templates_item AS gti
		LEFT JOIN data_template_rrd AS dtr
		ON gti.task_item_id=dtr.id
		LEFT JOIN data_template_data AS dtd
		ON dtd.local_data_id = dtr.local_data_id
		LEFT JOIN data_local AS dl
		ON dl.id = dtr.local_data_id
		LEFT JOIN colors
		ON gti.color_id = colors.id
		LEFT JOIN colors AS colors2
		ON gti.color2_id = colors2.id
		LEFT JOIN graph_templates_gprint AS gtgp
		ON gti.gprint_id = gtgp.id
		WHERE gti.local_graph_id = ?
		ORDER BY gti.sequence',
		[$local_graph_id]
	);

	// variables for use below
	$graph_defs       = '';
	$txt_graph_items  = '';
	$pad_number       = 0;

	// override: graph start time
	if ($graph_data_array['graph_start'] == 0) {
		$graph_start = -($rra['timespan']);
	} else {
		$graph_start = $graph_data_array['graph_start'];
	}

	// override: graph end time
	if ($graph_data_array['graph_end'] == 0) {
		$graph_end = -($rra_seconds);
	} else {
		$graph_end = $graph_data_array['graph_end'];
	}

	// +++++++++++++++++++++++ GRAPH OPTIONS +++++++++++++++++++++++

	if (!isset($graph_data_array['export_csv'])) {
		$graph_opts = rrd_function_process_graph_options($graph_start, $graph_end, $graph, $graph_data_array);
	} else {
		// basic export options
		$export_step = max(1, $rra_seconds);
		$export_rows = (int) ceil(abs($graph_end - $graph_start) / $export_step) + 10;
		$graph_opts  = '--start=' . $graph_start . RRD_NL . '--end=' . $graph_end . RRD_NL . '--maxrows=' . max(10000, $export_rows) . RRD_NL;
	}

	// +++++++++++++++++++++++ LEGEND: MAGIC +++++++++++++++++++++++

	$realtimeCachePath = read_config_option('realtime_cache_path');
	$dateTimeFormat    = read_config_option('graph_dateformat');
	$cactiLastDate     = read_config_option('date');

	if (empty($cactiLastDate)) {
		$cactiLastDate = date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
	}

	$dateTime = date($dateTimeFormat, strtotime($cactiLastDate));

	// the following fields will be searched for graph variables
	$variable_fields = [
		'text_format' => [
			'process_no_legend' => false
		],
		'value' => [
			'process_no_legend' => true
		],
		'cdef_cache' => [
			'process_no_legend' => true
		],
		'vdef_cache' => [
			'process_no_legend' => true
		]
	];

	$i               = 0;
	$j               = 0;
	$nth             = 0;
	$sum             = 0;
	$last_graph_cf   = [];
	$legends         = [];
	$defs            = [];
	$graph_variables = [];
	$cf_ds_cache     = [];
	$cdef_cache      = [];
	$vdef_cache      = [];

	if (cacti_sizeof($graph_items)) {
		// we need to add a new column 'cf_reference', so unless PHP 5 is used, this foreach syntax is required
		foreach ($graph_items as $key => $graph_item) {
			// mimic the old behavior: LINE[123], AREA and STACK items use the CF specified in the graph item
			switch ($graph_item['graph_type_id']) {
				case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_LINE1:
				case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_LINE2:
				case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_LINE3:
				case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_LINESTACK:
				case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_TIC:
				case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_AREA:
				case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_STACK:
					$graph_cf = generate_graph_best_cf($graph_item['local_data_id'], $graph_item['consolidation_function_id']);
					/* remember the last CF for this data source for use with GPRINT
					 * if e.g. an AREA/AVERAGE and a LINE/MAX is used
					 * we will have AVERAGE first and then MAX, depending on GPRINT sequence */
					$last_graph_cf[$graph_item['data_source_name']][$graph_item['data_template_rrd_id']] = $graph_cf;
					// remember this for second foreach loop
					$graph_items[$key]['cf_reference'] = $graph_cf;

					break;
				case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_GPRINT:
					/* ATTENTION!
					 * the 'CF' given on graph_item edit screen for GPRINT is indeed NOT a real 'CF',
					 * but an aggregation function
					 * see 'man rrdgraph_data' for the correct VDEF based notation
					 * so our task now is to 'guess' the very graph_item, this GPRINT is related to
					 * and to use that graph_item's CF */
					if (isset($last_graph_cf[$graph_item['data_source_name']][$graph_item['data_template_rrd_id']])) {
						$graph_cf = $last_graph_cf[$graph_item['data_source_name']][$graph_item['data_template_rrd_id']];
						// remember this for second foreach loop
						$graph_items[$key]['cf_reference'] = $graph_cf;
					} else {
						$graph_cf = generate_graph_best_cf($graph_item['local_data_id'], $graph_item['consolidation_function_id']);
						// remember this for second foreach loop
						$graph_items[$key]['cf_reference'] = $graph_cf;
					}

					break;
				case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_GPRINT_AVERAGE:
				case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_GPRINT_LAST:
				case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_GPRINT_MAX:
				case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_GPRINT_MIN:
					$graph_cf                          = $graph_item['consolidation_function_id'];
					$graph_items[$key]['cf_reference'] = $graph_cf;

					break;
				default:
					// all other types are based on the best matching CF
					$graph_cf = generate_graph_best_cf($graph_item['local_data_id'], $graph_item['consolidation_function_id']);
					// remember this for second foreach loop
					$graph_items[$key]['cf_reference'] = $graph_cf;

					break;
			}

			$cf_ds_key = "{$graph_item['data_template_rrd_id']}:{$graph_cf}";

			if ($graph_item['local_data_id'] > 0 && !isset($cf_ds_cache[$cf_ds_key])) {
				// use a user-specified ds path if one is entered
				if (isset($graph_data_array['export_realtime'])) {
					$data_source_path = $realtimeCachePath . '/user_' . hash('sha256', session_id() ?: '') . '_' . $graph_item['local_data_id'] . '.rrd';
				} else {
					$data_source_path = get_data_source_path($graph_item['local_data_id'], true);
				}

				if (!rrdtool_file_exists($data_source_path, $rrdtool_pipe)) {
					if (read_config_option('log_verbosity') >= POLLER_VERBOSITY_DEBUG || isset($graph_data_array['get_error'])) {
						cacti_log("WARNING: RRD file '$data_source_path' does not exist", false, 'GRAPH');
					}

					if (isset($graph_data_array['export_csv'])) {
						return false;
					}

					// Both get_error (STDERR output) and print_source (HTML debug view)
					// are text-output modes; returning PNG bytes in either would produce
					// garbage in the browser or CLI. Return a human-readable error instead.
					if (isset($graph_data_array['get_error']) || isset($graph_data_array['print_source'])) {
						return __('ERROR: RRD file does not exist: %s', $data_source_path);
					}

					return rrdtool_create_error_image(__('The Cacti Poller has not run yet.'));
				}

				// FOR WIN32: Escape all colon for drive letters (ex. D\:/path/to/rra)
				$data_source_path = rrdtool_escape_string($data_source_path);

				if ($data_source_path != '') {
					/**
					 * NOTE: (Update) Data source DEF names are created using the graph_item_id; then passed
					 * to a function that matches the digits with letters. rrdtool likes letters instead
					 * of numbers in DEF names; especially with CDEFs. CDEFs are created
					 * the same way, except a 'cdef' is put on the beginning of the hash
					 */
					$def    = generate_graph_def_name(intval($i));
					$defs[] = $def;

					$graph_defs .= "DEF:$def=" . cacti_escapeshellarg($data_source_path) . ':' . cacti_escapeshellarg($graph_item['data_source_name'], true) . ':' . $consolidation_functions[$graph_cf] . ':step=' . max(1, $rra_seconds) . RRD_NL;

					$cf_ds_cache[$cf_ds_key] = $i;

					if ($graph_item['legend'] == '') {
						$legends[$graph_item['local_data_id']][$graph_item['data_source_name']][$consolidation_functions[$graph_cf]] = ucwords(str_replace('_', ' ', $graph_item['data_source_name'])) . ' (' . $consolidation_functions[$graph_cf] . ')';
					} else {
						$legends[$graph_item['local_data_id']][$graph_item['data_source_name']][$consolidation_functions[$graph_cf]] = $graph_item['legend'];
					}

					$i++;
				}
			}

			// cache cdef value here to support data query variables in the cdef string
			if (empty($graph_item['cdef_id'])) {
				$graph_item['cdef_cache']      = '';
				$graph_items[$j]['cdef_cache'] = '';
			} else {
				$cdef = get_cdef($graph_item['cdef_id']);

				$graph_item['cdef_cache']      = $cdef;
				$graph_items[$j]['cdef_cache'] = $cdef;
			}

			// cache vdef value here
			if (empty($graph_item['vdef_id'])) {
				$graph_item['vdef_cache']      = '';
				$graph_items[$j]['vdef_cache'] = '';
			} else {
				$vdef = get_vdef($graph_item['vdef_id']);

				$graph_item['vdef_cache']      = $vdef;
				$graph_items[$j]['vdef_cache'] = $vdef;
			}

			// +++++++++++++++++++++++ LEGEND: TEXT SUBSTITUTION (<>) +++++++++++++++++++++++

			// note the current item_id for easy access
			$graph_item_id = $graph_item['graph_templates_item_id'];

			/* loop through each field that we want to substitute values for:
			currently: text format and value */
			foreach ($variable_fields as $field_name => $field_array) {
				// certain fields do not require values when the legend is not to be shown
				if ($field_array['process_no_legend'] == false && isset($graph_data_array['graph_nolegend'])) {
					continue;
				}

				$graph_variables[$field_name][$graph_item_id] = $graph_item[$field_name];

				$search  = [];
				$replace = [];

				// date/time substitution
				if (strstr($graph_variables[$field_name][$graph_item_id], '|date_time|')) {
					$search[]  = '|date_time|';
					$replace[] =  $dateTime;
				}

				// data source title substitution
				if (strstr($graph_variables[$field_name][$graph_item_id], '|data_source_title|')) {
					$search[]  = '|data_source_title|';
					$replace[] =  get_data_source_title($graph_item['local_data_id']);
				}

				// data query variables
				$graph_variables[$field_name][$graph_item_id] = rrdtool_resolve_graph_text($graph_variables[$field_name][$graph_item_id], $graph, $graph_item);

				// Nth percentile
				if (preg_match_all('/\|([0-9]{1,2}):(bits|bytes):(\d):(current|total|max|total_peak|all_max_current|all_max_peak|aggregate_max|aggregate_sum|aggregate_sum_peak|aggregate_current|aggregate_current_peak|aggregate_peak|aggregate):(\d)?\|/', $graph_variables[$field_name][$graph_item_id], $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER)) {
					foreach ($matches as $match) {
						$search[]  = $match[0];
						$value     = variable_nth_percentile($match, $graph, $graph_item, $graph_items, $graph_start, $graph_end, $rra_seconds);
						$replace[] = $value;

						if ($field_name == 'value') {
							$xport_meta['NthPercentile'][$nth]['format'] = $match[0];
							$xport_meta['NthPercentile'][$nth]['value']  = str_replace($match[0], $value, $graph_variables[$field_name][$graph_item_id]);
							$nth++;
						}
					}
				}

				// bandwidth summation
				if (preg_match_all('/\|sum:(\d|auto):(current|total|atomic):(\d):(\d+|auto)\|/', $graph_variables[$field_name][$graph_item_id], $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER)) {
					foreach ($matches as $match) {
						$search[]  = $match[0];
						$value     = variable_bandwidth_summation($match, $graph, $graph_item, $graph_items, $graph_start, $graph_end, $rra['steps'], $ds_step);
						$replace[] = $value;

						if ($field_name == 'text_format') {
							$xport_meta['Summation'][$sum]['format'] = $match[0];
							$xport_meta['Summation'][$sum]['value']  = str_replace($match[0], $value, $graph_variables[$field_name][$graph_item_id]);
							$sum++;
						}
					}
				}

				if (cacti_count($search)) {
					$graph_variables[$field_name][$graph_item_id] = str_replace($search, $replace, $graph_variables[$field_name][$graph_item_id]);
				}
			}

			/* if we are not displaying a legend there is no point in us even processing the auto padding,
			text format stuff. */
			if (!isset($graph_data_array['graph_nolegend'])) {
				// set hard return variable if selected (\n)
				if ($graph_item['hard_return'] == 'on') {
					$hardreturn[$graph_item_id] = '\\n';
				} else {
					$hardreturn[$graph_item_id] = '';
				}
			}

			$j++;
		}
	}

	// +++++++++++++++++++++++ LEGEND: AUTO PADDING (<>) +++++++++++++++++++++++
	if (cacti_sizeof($graph_items)) {
		/* we need to add a new column 'cf_reference', so unless PHP 5 is used, this foreach
		 * syntax is required
		 */
		foreach ($graph_items as $graph_item) {
			// note the current item_id for easy access
			$graph_item_id = $graph_item['graph_templates_item_id'];

			/* if we are not displaying a legend there is no point in us even processing the
			 * auto padding, text format stuff.
			 */
			if (!isset($graph_data_array['graph_nolegend'])) {
				/* PADDING: remember this is not perfect! its main use is for the basic graph setup of:
				 * AREA - GPRINT-CURRENT - GPRINT-AVERAGE - GPRINT-MAXIMUM \n
				 * of course it can be used in other situations, however may not work as intended.
				 * If you have any additions to this small piece of code, feel free to send them to me.
				 */
				if ($graph['auto_padding'] == 'on') {
					// only applies to AREA, STACK and LINEs
					if (preg_match('/(AREA|STACK|LINE[123])/', $graph_item_types[$graph_item['graph_type_id']])) {
						$text_format_length = mb_strlen(trim($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id]), 'UTF-8');

						if ($text_format_length > $pad_number) {
							$pad_number = $text_format_length;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
	// +++++++++++++++++++++++ LEGEND: AUTO PADDING (<>) +++++++++++++++++++++++

	// +++++++++++++++++++++++ GRAPH ITEMS: CDEF +++++++++++++++++++++++

	$i = 0;

	// hack for rrdtool 1.2.x support
	$graph_item_stack_type = '';
	$graph_vdefs           = [];
	$stacked_columns       = [];

	if (cacti_sizeof($graph_items)) {
		foreach ($graph_items as $graph_item) {
			// Restore the $cf_reference from the first pass of the graph items
			$graph_cf  = $graph_item['cf_reference'];
			$cf_ds_key = "{$graph_item['data_template_rrd_id']}:{$graph_cf}";

			/**
			 * first we need to check if there is a DEF for the current data source/cf combination. if so,
			 * we will use that
			 */
			if (isset($cf_ds_cache[$cf_ds_key])) {
				$cf_id = $graph_item['consolidation_function_id'];
			} else {
				/* if there is not a DEF defined for the current data source/cf combination, then we will have to
				improvise. choose the first available cf in the following order: AVERAGE, MAX, MIN, LAST */
				if (isset($cf_ds_cache["{$graph_item['data_template_rrd_id']}:1"])) {
					$cf_id = 1; // CF: AVERAGE
				} elseif (isset($cf_ds_cache["{$graph_item['data_template_rrd_id']}:3"])) {
					$cf_id = 3; // CF: MAX
				} elseif (isset($cf_ds_cache["{$graph_item['data_template_rrd_id']}:2"])) {
					$cf_id = 2; // CF: MIN
				} elseif (isset($cf_ds_cache["{$graph_item['data_template_rrd_id']}:4"])) {
					$cf_id = 4; // CF: LAST
				} else {
					$cf_id = 1; // CF: AVERAGE
				}
			}

			// +++++++++++++++++++++++ GRAPH ITEMS: CDEF START +++++++++++++++++++++++

			/**
			 * make cdef string here; a note about CDEFs in cacti. A CDEF is neither unique to a
			 * data source of global cdef, but is unique when those two variables combine.
			 */
			$cdef_graph_defs = '';
			$special_def     = 1;

			$cdef_cache_key = "{$graph_item['cdef_id']}:{$graph_item['data_template_rrd_id']}:{$cf_id}";

			if ($graph_item['cdef_id'] > 0 && !isset($cdef_cache[$cdef_cache_key])) {
				/** @var string $cdef_string */
				$cdef_string  = $graph_variables['cdef_cache'][$graph_item['graph_templates_item_id']];
				$magic_item   = [];
				$already_seen = [];
				$sources_seen = [];

				$count_all_ds_dups       = 0;
				$count_all_ds_nodups     = 0;
				$count_similar_ds_dups   = 0;
				$count_similar_ds_nodups = 0;

				// if any of those magic variables are requested ...
				if (preg_match('/(ALL_DATA_SOURCES_(NO)?DUPS|SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_(NO)?DUPS)/', $cdef_string) ||
					preg_match('/(COUNT_ALL_DS_(NO)?DUPS|COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_(NO)?DUPS)/', $cdef_string)) {
					// now walk through each case to initialize array
					if (preg_match('/ALL_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS/', $cdef_string)) {
						$magic_item['ALL_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS'] = '';
					}

					if (preg_match('/ALL_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS/', $cdef_string)) {
						$magic_item['ALL_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS'] = '';
					}

					if (preg_match('/SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS/', $cdef_string)) {
						$magic_item['SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS'] = '';
					}

					if (preg_match('/SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS/', $cdef_string)) {
						$magic_item['SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS'] = '';
					}

					if (preg_match('/COUNT_ALL_DS_DUPS/', $cdef_string)) {
						$magic_item['COUNT_ALL_DS_DUPS'] = '';
					}

					if (preg_match('/COUNT_ALL_DS_NODUPS/', $cdef_string)) {
						$magic_item['COUNT_ALL_DS_NODUPS'] = '';
					}

					if (preg_match('/COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_DUPS/', $cdef_string)) {
						$magic_item['COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_DUPS'] = '';
					}

					if (preg_match('/COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_NODUPS/', $cdef_string)) {
						$magic_item['COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_NODUPS'] = '';
					}

					// loop over all graph items
					foreach ($graph_items as $gi_check) {
						// only work on graph items, omit GRPINTs, COMMENTs and stuff
						if ((preg_match('/(AREA|STACK|LINE[123])/', $graph_item_types[$gi_check['graph_type_id']])) && (!empty($gi_check['data_template_rrd_id']))) {
							// if the user screws up CF settings, PHP will generate warnings if left unchecked
							$magic_cf_ds_key = "{$gi_check['data_template_rrd_id']}:{$cf_id}";

							// matching consolidation function?
							if (isset($cf_ds_cache[$magic_cf_ds_key])) {
								$def_name = generate_graph_def_name($cf_ds_cache[$magic_cf_ds_key]);

								// do we need ALL_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS?
								if (isset($magic_item['ALL_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS'])) {
									$magic_item['ALL_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS'] .= ($count_all_ds_dups == 0 ? '' : ',') . 'TIME,' . (time() - $rra_seconds) . ",GT,$def_name,$def_name,UN,0,$def_name,IF,IF"; // convert unknowns to '0' first
								}

								// do we need COUNT_ALL_DS_DUPS?
								if (isset($magic_item['COUNT_ALL_DS_DUPS'])) {
									$magic_item['COUNT_ALL_DS_DUPS'] .= ($count_all_ds_dups == 0 ? '' : ',') . 'TIME,' . (time() - $rra_seconds) . ",GT,1,$def_name,UN,0,1,IF,IF"; // convert unknowns to '0' first
								}

								$count_all_ds_dups++;

								// check if this item also qualifies for NODUPS
								if (!isset($already_seen[$def_name])) {
									if (isset($magic_item['ALL_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS'])) {
										$magic_item['ALL_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS'] .= ($count_all_ds_nodups == 0 ? '' : ',') . 'TIME,' . (time() - $rra_seconds) . ",GT,$def_name,$def_name,UN,0,$def_name,IF,IF"; // convert unknowns to '0' first
									}

									if (isset($magic_item['COUNT_ALL_DS_NODUPS'])) {
										$magic_item['COUNT_ALL_DS_NODUPS'] .= ($count_all_ds_nodups == 0 ? '' : ',') . 'TIME,' . (time() - $rra_seconds) . ",GT,1,$def_name,UN,0,1,IF,IF"; // convert unknowns to '0' first
									}

									$count_all_ds_nodups++;
									$already_seen[$def_name] = true;
								}

								// check for SIMILAR data sources
								if ($graph_item['data_source_name'] == $gi_check['data_source_name']) {
									// do we need SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS?
									if (isset($magic_item['SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS']) && ($graph_item['data_source_name'] == $gi_check['data_source_name'])) {
										$magic_item['SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS'] .= ($count_similar_ds_dups == 0 ? '' : ',') . 'TIME,' . (time() - $rra_seconds) . ",GT,$def_name,$def_name,UN,0,$def_name,IF,IF"; // convert unknowns to '0' first
									}

									// do we need COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_DUPS?
									if (isset($magic_item['COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_DUPS']) && ($graph_item['data_source_name'] == $gi_check['data_source_name'])) {
										$magic_item['COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_DUPS'] .= ($count_similar_ds_dups == 0 ? '' : ',') . 'TIME,' . (time() - $rra_seconds) . ",GT,1,$def_name,UN,0,1,IF,IF"; // convert unknowns to '0' first
									}

									$count_similar_ds_dups++;

									// check if this item also qualifies for NODUPS
									if (!isset($sources_seen[$gi_check['data_template_rrd_id']])) {
										if (isset($magic_item['SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS'])) {
											$magic_item['SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS'] .= ($count_similar_ds_nodups == 0 ? '' : ',') . 'TIME,' . (time() - $rra_seconds) . ",GT,$def_name,$def_name,UN,0,$def_name,IF,IF"; // convert unknowns to '0' first
										}

										if (isset($magic_item['COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_NODUPS']) && ($graph_item['data_source_name'] == $gi_check['data_source_name'])) {
											$magic_item['COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_NODUPS'] .= ($count_similar_ds_nodups == 0 ? '' : ',') . 'TIME,' . (time() - $rra_seconds) . ",GT,1,$def_name,UN,0,1,IF,IF"; // convert unknowns to '0' first
										}

										$count_similar_ds_nodups++;
										$sources_seen[$gi_check['data_template_rrd_id']] = true;
									}
								} // SIMILAR data sources
							} // matching consolidation function?
						} // only work on graph items, omit GRPINTs, COMMENTs and stuff
					} //  loop over all graph items

					/* if there is only one item to total, don't even bother with the summation.
					 * Otherwise cdef=a,b,c,+,+ is fine. */
					if ($count_all_ds_dups > 1 && isset($magic_item['ALL_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS'])) {
						$magic_item['ALL_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS'] .= str_repeat(',+', ($count_all_ds_dups - 2)) . ',+';
					}

					if ($count_all_ds_nodups > 1 && isset($magic_item['ALL_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS'])) {
						$magic_item['ALL_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS'] .= str_repeat(',+', ($count_all_ds_nodups - 2)) . ',+';
					}

					if ($count_similar_ds_dups > 1 && isset($magic_item['SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS'])) {
						$magic_item['SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS'] .= str_repeat(',+', ($count_similar_ds_dups - 2)) . ',+';
					}

					if ($count_similar_ds_nodups > 1 && isset($magic_item['SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS'])) {
						$magic_item['SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS'] .= str_repeat(',+', ($count_similar_ds_nodups - 2)) . ',+';
					}

					if ($count_all_ds_dups > 1 && isset($magic_item['COUNT_ALL_DS_DUPS'])) {
						$magic_item['COUNT_ALL_DS_DUPS'] .= str_repeat(',+', ($count_all_ds_dups - 2)) . ',+';
					}

					if ($count_all_ds_nodups > 1 && isset($magic_item['COUNT_ALL_DS_NODUPS'])) {
						$magic_item['COUNT_ALL_DS_NODUPS'] .= str_repeat(',+', ($count_all_ds_nodups - 2)) . ',+';
					}

					if ($count_similar_ds_dups > 1 && isset($magic_item['COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_DUPS'])) {
						$magic_item['COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_DUPS'] .= str_repeat(',+', ($count_similar_ds_dups - 2)) . ',+';
					}

					if ($count_similar_ds_nodups > 1 && isset($magic_item['COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_NODUPS'])) {
						$magic_item['COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_NODUPS'] .= str_repeat(',+', ($count_similar_ds_nodups - 2)) . ',+';
					}
				}

				// allow automatic rate calculations on raw gauge data
				if (isset($graph_item['local_data_id'])) {
					$polling_interval = $graph_item['rrd_step'];
				} else {
					$polling_interval = read_config_option('poller_interval');
				}

				$cdef_string = str_replace('CURRENT_DATA_SOURCE_PI', $polling_interval, $cdef_string);

				$cdef_string = str_replace('CURRENT_DATA_SOURCE', generate_graph_def_name($cf_ds_cache[$cf_ds_key] ?? 0), $cdef_string);

				// allow automatic rate calculations on raw gauge data
				$cdef_string = str_replace('ALL_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS_PI', $polling_interval, $cdef_string);

				// ALL|SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES(NO)?DUPS are to be replaced here
				if (isset($magic_item['ALL_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS'])) {
					$cdef_string = str_replace('ALL_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS', $magic_item['ALL_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS'], $cdef_string);
				}

				// allow automatic rate calculations on raw gauge data
				$cdef_string = str_replace('ALL_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS_PI', $polling_interval, $cdef_string);

				if (isset($magic_item['ALL_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS'])) {
					$cdef_string = str_replace('ALL_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS', $magic_item['ALL_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS'], $cdef_string);
				}

				// allow automatic rate calculations on raw gauge data
				$cdef_string = str_replace('SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS_PI', $polling_interval, $cdef_string);

				if (isset($magic_item['SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS'])) {
					$cdef_string = str_replace('SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS', $magic_item['SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS'], $cdef_string);
				}

				$cdef_string = str_replace('SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS_PI', $polling_interval, $cdef_string);

				if (isset($magic_item['SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS'])) {
					$cdef_string = str_replace('SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS', $magic_item['SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS'], $cdef_string);
				}

				// COUNT_ALL|SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES(NO)?DUPS are to be replaced here
				if (isset($magic_item['COUNT_ALL_DS_DUPS'])) {
					$cdef_string = str_replace('COUNT_ALL_DS_DUPS', $magic_item['COUNT_ALL_DS_DUPS'], $cdef_string);
				}

				if (isset($magic_item['COUNT_ALL_DS_NODUPS'])) {
					$cdef_string = str_replace('COUNT_ALL_DS_NODUPS', $magic_item['COUNT_ALL_DS_NODUPS'], $cdef_string);
				}

				if (isset($magic_item['COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_DUPS'])) {
					$cdef_string = str_replace('COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_DUPS', $magic_item['COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_DUPS'], $cdef_string);
				}

				if (isset($magic_item['COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_NODUPS'])) {
					$cdef_string = str_replace('COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_NODUPS', $magic_item['COUNT_SIMILAR_DS_NODUPS'], $cdef_string);
				}

				// data source item variables
				$cdef_string = str_replace('CURRENT_DS_MINIMUM_VALUE', (empty($graph_item['rrd_minimum']) ? '0' : $graph_item['rrd_minimum']), $cdef_string);
				$cdef_string = str_replace('CURRENT_DS_MAXIMUM_VALUE', (empty($graph_item['rrd_maximum']) ? '0' : $graph_item['rrd_maximum']), $cdef_string);
				$cdef_string = str_replace('CURRENT_GRAPH_MINIMUM_VALUE', (empty($graph['lower_limit']) ? '0' : $graph['lower_limit']), $cdef_string);
				$cdef_string = str_replace('CURRENT_GRAPH_MAXIMUM_VALUE', (empty($graph['upper_limit']) ? '0' : $graph['upper_limit']), $cdef_string);

				// special data source types for prediction/trending
				$def_name = generate_graph_def_name($special_def);

				if (preg_match('/CURRENT_DS_LSLSLOPE/', $cdef_string)) {
					$vdef_name = 'vdef' . $def_name . 'slope';

					if (!isset($graph_vdefs[$vdef_name])) {
						$graph_vdefs[$vdef_name] = "$vdef_name=$def_name,LSLSLOPE";
					}

					$cdef_string = str_replace('CURRENT_DS_LSLSLOPE', $vdef_name, $cdef_string);

					$special_def++;
				} elseif (preg_match('/CURRENT_DS_LSLINT/', $cdef_string)) {
					$vdef_name = 'vdef' . $def_name . 'int';

					if (!isset($graph_vdefs[$vdef_name])) {
						$graph_vdefs[$vdef_name] = "$vdef_name=$def_name,LSLINT";
					}

					$cdef_string = str_replace('CURRENT_DS_LSLINT', $vdef_name, $cdef_string);

					$special_def++;
				} elseif (preg_match('/CURRENT_DS_LSLCORREL/', $cdef_string)) {
					$vdef_name = 'vdef' . $def_name . 'correl';

					if (!isset($graph_vdefs[$vdef_name])) {
						$graph_vdefs[$vdef_name] = "$vdef_name=$def_name,LSLCORREL";
					}

					$cdef_string = str_replace('CURRENT_DS_LSLCORREL', $vdef_name, $cdef_string);

					$special_def++;
				} elseif (preg_match('/CURRENT_DS_LSLFUNCTION/', $cdef_string)) {
					$vdefslope_name = 'vdef' . $def_name . 'slope';
					$vdefint_name   = 'vdef' . $def_name . 'int';

					if (!isset($graph_vdefs[$vdefslope_name])) {
						$graph_vdefs[$vdefslope_name] = "$vdefslope_name=$def_name,LSLSLOPE";
					}

					if (!isset($graph_vdefs[$vdefint_name])) {
						$graph_vdefs[$vdefint_name] = "$vdefint_name=$def_name,LSLINT";
					}

					$cdef_string = str_replace('CURRENT_DS_LSLFUNCTION', "$def_name,POP,COUNT,$vdefslope_name,*,$vdefint_name,+" , $cdef_string);

					$special_def++;
				}

				// generate the custom prediction vdef string
				foreach ($graph_vdefs as $vdef_name => $vdef_def) {
					if ($vdef_def != '') {
						$graph_defs .= "VDEF:$vdef_def" . RRD_NL;
					}

					$graph_vdefs[$vdef_name] = '';
				}

				if ((str_contains($cdef_string, '|query_ifHighSpeed|')) ||
					(str_contains($cdef_string, '|query_ifSpeed|'))) {
					$local_data = db_fetch_row_prepared('SELECT *
						FROM data_local
						WHERE id = ?',
						[$graph_item['local_data_id']]);

					$speed = is_array($local_data) ? rrdtool_function_interface_speed($local_data) : '0';

					$cdef_string = str_replace(['|query_ifHighSpeed|', '|query_ifSpeed|'], [$speed, $speed], $cdef_string);
				}

				// replace query variables in cdefs
				$cdef_string = rrdtool_resolve_graph_text($cdef_string, $graph, $graph_item);

				// aggregate graphs can produce an empty RPN expression for GPRINT items
				// whose consolidation function does not match the data source; skip them
				// rather than emitting a bare "CDEF:cdefX=" which rrdtool rejects.
				if ($cdef_string === '') {
					cacti_log('Empty CDEF string for graph ' . $graph['local_graph_id'] . '; skipping.', true, 'RRD', POLLER_VERBOSITY_DEBUG);

					continue;
				}

				// make the initial 'virtual' cdef name: 'cdef' + [a,b,c,d...]
				$cdef_graph_defs .= 'CDEF:cdef' . generate_graph_def_name(intval($i)) . '=';
				// prohibit command injection and provide platform specific quoting
				$cdef_graph_defs .= cacti_escapeshellarg(sanitize_cdef($cdef_string), true);
				$cdef_graph_defs .= " \\\n";

				// the CDEF cache is so we do not create duplicate CDEF's on a graph
				$cdef_cache[$cdef_cache_key] = $i;
			}

			// add the cdef string to the end of the def string
			$graph_defs .= $cdef_graph_defs;

			// +++++++++++++++++++++++ GRAPH ITEMS: CDEFs END   +++++++++++++++++++++++

			// +++++++++++++++++++++++ GRAPH ITEMS: VDEFs START +++++++++++++++++++++++

			$vdef_graph_defs = '';
			$vdef_cache_key  = "{$graph_item['vdef_id']}:{$graph_item['cdef_id']}:{$graph_item['data_template_rrd_id']}:{$cf_id}";

			if ($graph_item['vdef_id'] > 0 && !isset($vdef_cache[$vdef_cache_key])) {
				$vdef_string = $graph_variables['vdef_cache'][$graph_item['graph_templates_item_id']];

				// do we refer to a CDEF within this VDEF?
				if ($graph_item['cdef_id'] > 0) {
					// 'calculated' VDEF: use (cached) CDEF as base, only way to get calculations into VDEFs
					$vdef_string = 'cdef' . str_replace('CURRENT_DATA_SOURCE', generate_graph_def_name($cdef_cache[$cdef_cache_key]), $vdef_string);
				} else {
					// 'pure' VDEF: use DEF as base
					$vdef_string = str_replace('CURRENT_DATA_SOURCE', generate_graph_def_name($cf_ds_cache[$cf_ds_key]), $vdef_string);
				}

				// TODO: It would be possible to refer to a CDEF, but that's all. So ALL_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS and stuff can't be used directly!
				// $vdef_string = str_replace('ALL_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS', $magic_item['ALL_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS'], $vdef_string);
				// $vdef_string = str_replace('ALL_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS', $magic_item['ALL_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS'], $vdef_string);
				// $vdef_string = str_replace('SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS', $magic_item['SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_NODUPS'], $vdef_string);
				// $vdef_string = str_replace('SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS', $magic_item['SIMILAR_DATA_SOURCES_DUPS'], $vdef_string);

				// make the initial 'virtual' vdef name
				$vdef_graph_defs .= 'VDEF:vdef' . generate_graph_def_name($i) . '=';
				$vdef_graph_defs .= cacti_escapeshellarg(sanitize_cdef($vdef_string));
				$vdef_graph_defs .= " \\\n";

				/* the VDEF cache is so we do not create duplicate VDEFs on a graph,
				 * but take info account, that same VDEF may use different CDEFs
				 * so index over VDEF_ID, CDEF_ID per DATA_TEMPLATE_RRD_ID, lvm */
				$vdef_cache[$vdef_cache_key] = $i;
			}

			// add the cdef string to the end of the def string
			$graph_defs .= $vdef_graph_defs;

			// +++++++++++++++++++++++ GRAPH ITEMS: VDEFs END +++++++++++++++++++++++

			// note the current item_id for easy access
			$graph_item_id = $graph_item['graph_templates_item_id'];

			/* we put this in a variable so it can be manipulated before mainly used
			if we want to skip it, like below */
			$current_graph_item_type = $graph_item_types[$graph_item['graph_type_id']];

			/**
			 * If this graph item has a data source... get a DEF name for it, or the cdef if that applies
			 * to this graph item
			 */
			if ($graph_item['cdef_id'] == 0) {
				if (isset($cf_ds_cache[$cf_ds_key])) {
					$data_source_name = generate_graph_def_name($cf_ds_cache[$cf_ds_key]);
				} else {
					$data_source_name = '';
				}
			} else {
				$data_source_name = 'cdef' . generate_graph_def_name($cdef_cache[$cdef_cache_key]);
			}

			/**
			 * If this graph item has a data source... get a DEF name for it, or the vdef if that applies
			 * to this graph item .
			 */
			if ($graph_item['vdef_id'] > 0 && isset($vdef_cache[$vdef_cache_key])) {
				$data_source_name = 'vdef' . generate_graph_def_name($vdef_cache[$vdef_cache_key]);
			}

			// to make things easier... if there is no text format set; set blank text
			if (!isset($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id])) {
				$graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id] = '';
			}

			if (!isset($hardreturn[$graph_item_id])) {
				$hardreturn[$graph_item_id] = '';
			}

			// +++++++++++++++++++++++ GRAPH ITEMS +++++++++++++++++++++++

			/* most of the calculations have been done above. now we have for print everything out
			in an RRDtool-friendly fashion */

			$need_rrd_nl = true;

			// initialize color support
			$graph_item_color_code = '';

			if (!empty($graph_item['hex'])) {
				$graph_item_color_code = '#' . $graph_item['hex'];
				$graph_item_color_code .= rrd_graph_item_alpha($graph_item['alpha']);
			}

			$rrdversion = get_rrdtool_version();

			if (cacti_version_compare($rrdversion, '1.8', '>=')) {
				if (!empty($graph_item['hex2']) && ($graph_item['graph_type_id'] == GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_AREA || $graph_item['graph_type_id'] == GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_STACK)) {
					$graph_item_color_code2 = '#' . $graph_item['hex2'];
					$graph_item_color_code2 .= rrd_graph_item_alpha($graph_item['alpha2']);
				} else {
					$graph_item_color_code2 = '';
				}
			} else {
				$graph_item_color_code2 = '';
			}

			// initialize dash support
			$dash = '';

			if ($graph_item['graph_type_id'] == GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_LINE1 ||
				$graph_item['graph_type_id'] == GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_LINE2 ||
				$graph_item['graph_type_id'] == GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_LINE3 ||
				$graph_item['graph_type_id'] == GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_LINESTACK ||
				$graph_item['graph_type_id'] == GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_HRULE ||
				$graph_item['graph_type_id'] == GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_VRULE) {
				$dashes = rrd_graph_item_number_list($graph_item['dashes']);

				if ($dashes !== '') {
					$dash .= ':dashes=' . $dashes;
				}

				$dash_offset = strip_alpha($graph_item['dash_offset']);

				if (!empty($dash_offset)) {
					$dash .= ':dash-offset=' . $dash_offset;
				}
			}

			if (!isset($graph_data_array['export_csv'])) {
				switch($graph_item['graph_type_id']) {
					case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_COMMENT:
						if (!isset($graph_data_array['graph_nolegend'])) {
							$comments = [];

							$comment_arg = rrdtool_resolve_graph_text($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id], $graph, $graph_item);

							// Check for a wrapping comment
							$max = read_config_option('max_title_length') - 20;

							if (strlen($comment_arg) > $max) {
								$comments = explode("\n", wordwrap($comment_arg, $max));
							} else {
								$comments[] = $comment_arg;
							}

							foreach ($comments as $comment) {
							// next, compute the argument of the COMMENT statement and perform injection counter measures
								if (trim($comment) == '') { // an empty COMMENT must be treated with care
									$comment = cacti_escapeshellarg(' ' . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]);
								} else {
									$comment = cacti_escapeshellarg(rrdtool_escape_string(htmle($comment)) . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]);
								}

								// create rrdtool specific command line
								$txt_graph_items .= $graph_item_types[$graph_item['graph_type_id']] . ':' . $comment . ' ';
							}
						}

						break;
					case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_TEXTALIGN:
						if (!isset($graph_data_array['graph_nolegend'])) {
							$textalign = rrd_graph_item_textalign($graph_item['textalign']);

							if ($textalign !== '') {
								$txt_graph_items .= $graph_item_types[$graph_item['graph_type_id']] . ':' . $textalign;
							}
						}

						break;
					case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_GPRINT:
						$text_format = rrdtool_escape_string(htmle($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id]), false);

						if ($graph_item['vdef_id'] == '0') {
							$txt_graph_items .= $graph_item_types[$graph_item['graph_type_id']] . ':' . $data_source_name . ':' . $consolidation_functions[$graph_item['consolidation_function_id']] . ':' . cacti_escapeshellarg($text_format . $graph_item['gprint_text'] . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]) . ' ';
						} else {
							$txt_graph_items .= $graph_item_types[$graph_item['graph_type_id']] . ':' . $data_source_name . ':' . cacti_escapeshellarg($text_format . $graph_item['gprint_text'] . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]) . ' ';
						}

						break;
					case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_GPRINT_AVERAGE:
						if (!isset($graph_data_array['graph_nolegend'])) {
							$text_format = rrdtool_escape_string(htmle($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id]));

							if ($graph_item['vdef_id'] == '0') {
								$txt_graph_items .= 'GPRINT:' . $data_source_name . ':AVERAGE:' . cacti_escapeshellarg($text_format . $graph_item['gprint_text'] . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]) . ' ';
							} else {
								$txt_graph_items .= 'GPRINT:' . $data_source_name . ':' . cacti_escapeshellarg($text_format . $graph_item['gprint_text'] . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]) . ' ';
							}
						}

						break;
					case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_GPRINT_LAST:
						if (!isset($graph_data_array['graph_nolegend'])) {
							$text_format = rrdtool_escape_string(htmle($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id]));

							if ($graph_item['vdef_id'] == '0') {
								$txt_graph_items .= 'GPRINT:' . $data_source_name . ':LAST:' . cacti_escapeshellarg($text_format . $graph_item['gprint_text'] . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]) . ' ';
							} else {
								$txt_graph_items .= 'GPRINT:' . $data_source_name . ':' . cacti_escapeshellarg($text_format . $graph_item['gprint_text'] . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]) . ' ';
							}
						}

						break;
					case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_GPRINT_MAX:
						if (!isset($graph_data_array['graph_nolegend'])) {
							$text_format = rrdtool_escape_string(htmle($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id]));

							if ($graph_item['vdef_id'] == '0') {
								$txt_graph_items .= 'GPRINT:' . $data_source_name . ':MAX:' . cacti_escapeshellarg($text_format . $graph_item['gprint_text'] . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]) . ' ';
							} else {
								$txt_graph_items .= 'GPRINT:' . $data_source_name . ':' . cacti_escapeshellarg($text_format . $graph_item['gprint_text'] . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]) . ' ';
							}
						}

						break;
					case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_GPRINT_MIN:
						if (!isset($graph_data_array['graph_nolegend'])) {
							$text_format = rrdtool_escape_string(htmle($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id]));

							if ($graph_item['vdef_id'] == '0') {
								$txt_graph_items .= 'GPRINT:' . $data_source_name . ':MIN:' . cacti_escapeshellarg($text_format . $graph_item['gprint_text'] . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]) . ' ';
							} else {
								$txt_graph_items .= 'GPRINT:' . $data_source_name . ':' . cacti_escapeshellarg($text_format . $graph_item['gprint_text'] . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]) . ' ';
							}
						}

						break;
					case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_AREA:
						if ($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id] != '') {
							$text_format = rrdtool_escape_string(htmle(str_pad($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id], $pad_number)));
						} elseif (isset($graph_data_array['graph_nolegend'])) {
							if (isset($legends[$graph_item['local_data_id']][$graph_item['data_source_name']][$consolidation_functions[$graph_cf]])) {
								$text_format = $legends[$graph_item['local_data_id']][$graph_item['data_source_name']][$consolidation_functions[$graph_cf]];
							} else {
								$text_format = '';
							}
						} else {
							$text_format = '';
						}

						if (read_config_option('enable_rrdtool_gradient_support') == 'on') {
							// End color is a 40% (0.4) darkened (negative number) version of the original color
							$end_color        = colourBrightness('#' . $graph_item['hex'], -0.4);
							$item_alpha       = rrd_graph_item_alpha($graph_item['alpha']);
							$txt_graph_items .= gradient($data_source_name, $graph_item_color_code, $end_color . $item_alpha, cacti_escapeshellarg($text_format . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]), 20, false, $item_alpha);
						} else {
							$txt_graph_items .= $graph_item_types[$graph_item['graph_type_id']] . ':' . $data_source_name . $graph_item_color_code . $graph_item_color_code2 . ':' . cacti_escapeshellarg($text_format . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]);

							if ($graph_item_color_code2 != '') {
								$gradheight = strip_alpha($graph_item['gradheight']);

								if ($gradheight !== false) {
									$txt_graph_items .= ':gradheight=' . $gradheight;
								}
							}
						}

						if ($graph_item['shift'] == CHECKED && abs($graph_item['value']) > 0) {
							// create a SHIFT statement
							$shift_value = strip_alpha($graph_item['value']);

							if ($shift_value !== false) {
								$txt_graph_items .= RRD_NL . 'SHIFT:' . $data_source_name . ':' . $shift_value;
							}
						}

						$text_format                        = trim(preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9 _()]/i', '', $text_format));
						$xport_meta['legend'][$text_format] = $graph_item_color_code;

						break;
					case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_STACK:
						if ($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id] != '') {
							$text_format = rrdtool_escape_string(htmle(str_pad($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id], $pad_number)));
						} elseif (isset($graph_data_array['graph_nolegend'])) {
							if (isset($legends[$graph_item['local_data_id']][$graph_item['data_source_name']][$consolidation_functions[$graph_cf]])) {
								$text_format = $legends[$graph_item['local_data_id']][$graph_item['data_source_name']][$consolidation_functions[$graph_cf]];
							} else {
								$text_format = '';
							}
						} else {
							$text_format = '';
						}

						$txt_graph_items .= 'AREA:' . $data_source_name . $graph_item_color_code . $graph_item_color_code2 . ':' . cacti_escapeshellarg($text_format . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]) . ':STACK';

						if ($graph_item_color_code2 != '') {
							$gradheight = strip_alpha($graph_item['gradheight']);

							if ($gradheight !== false) {
								$txt_graph_items .= ':gradheight=' . $gradheight;
							}
						}

						if ($graph_item['shift'] == CHECKED && $graph_item['value'] > 0) {      // create a SHIFT statement
							$shift_value = strip_alpha($graph_item['value']);

							if ($shift_value !== false) {
								$txt_graph_items .= RRD_NL . 'SHIFT:' . $data_source_name . ':' . $shift_value;
							}
						}

						$text_format                        = trim(preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9 _()]/i', '', $text_format));
						$xport_meta['legend'][$text_format] = $graph_item_color_code;

						break;
					case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_LINE1:
					case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_LINE2:
					case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_LINE3:
						if ($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id] != '') {
							$text_format = rrdtool_escape_string(htmle(str_pad($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id], $pad_number)));
						} elseif (isset($graph_data_array['graph_nolegend'])) {
							if (isset($legends[$graph_item['local_data_id']][$graph_item['data_source_name']][$consolidation_functions[$graph_cf]])) {
								$text_format = $legends[$graph_item['local_data_id']][$graph_item['data_source_name']][$consolidation_functions[$graph_cf]];
							} else {
								$text_format = '';
							}
						} else {
							$text_format = '';
						}

						$txt_graph_items .= $graph_item_types[$graph_item['graph_type_id']] . ':' . $data_source_name . $graph_item_color_code . ':' . cacti_escapeshellarg($text_format . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]) . $dash;

						if ($graph_item['shift'] == CHECKED && $graph_item['value'] > 0) {      // create a SHIFT statement
							$shift_value = strip_alpha($graph_item['value']);

							if ($shift_value !== false) {
								$txt_graph_items .= RRD_NL . 'SHIFT:' . $data_source_name . ':' . $shift_value;
							}
						}

						$text_format                        = trim(preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9 _()]/i', '', $text_format));
						$xport_meta['legend'][$text_format] = $graph_item_color_code;

						break;
					case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_LINESTACK:
						if ($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id] != '') {
							$text_format = rrdtool_escape_string(htmle(str_pad($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id], $pad_number)));
						} elseif (isset($graph_data_array['graph_nolegend'])) {
							if (isset($legends[$graph_item['local_data_id']][$graph_item['data_source_name']][$consolidation_functions[$graph_cf]])) {
								$text_format = $legends[$graph_item['local_data_id']][$graph_item['data_source_name']][$consolidation_functions[$graph_cf]];
							} else {
								$text_format = '';
							}
						} else {
							$text_format = '';
						}

						$line_width       = strip_alpha($graph_item['line_width']);
						$txt_graph_items .= 'LINE' . ($line_width === false ? '1' : $line_width) . ':' . $data_source_name . $graph_item_color_code . ':' . cacti_escapeshellarg($text_format . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]) . ':STACK' . $dash;

						if ($graph_item['shift'] == CHECKED && $graph_item['value'] > 0) {      // create a SHIFT statement
							$shift_value = strip_alpha($graph_item['value']);

							if ($shift_value !== false) {
								$txt_graph_items .= RRD_NL . 'SHIFT:' . $data_source_name . ':' . $shift_value;
							}
						}

						$text_format                        = trim(preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9 _()]/i', '', $text_format));
						$xport_meta['legend'][$text_format] = $graph_item_color_code;

						break;
					case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_TIC:
						$tick_fraction = strip_alpha($graph_item['value']);
						$_fraction     = (empty($graph_item['graph_type_id']) || $tick_fraction === false ? '' : (':' . $tick_fraction));
						$_legend       = ':' . cacti_escapeshellarg(rrdtool_escape_string(htmle($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id])) . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]);
						$txt_graph_items .= $graph_item_types[$graph_item['graph_type_id']] . ':' . $data_source_name . $graph_item_color_code . $_fraction . $_legend;

						break;
					case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_HRULE:
						// perform variable substitution; if this does not return a number, rrdtool will FAIL!
						$substitute = strip_alpha(rrdtool_resolve_graph_text($graph_variables['value'][$graph_item_id], $graph, $graph_item));

						$text_format = rrdtool_escape_string(htmle(rrdtool_resolve_graph_text($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id], $graph, $graph_item)));

						// don't break rrdtool if the strip_alpha() returns false
						if ($substitute !== false) {
							$graph_variables['value'][$graph_item_id] = $substitute;
						} else {
							$graph_variables['value'][$graph_item_id] = '0';
						}

						$txt_graph_items .= $graph_item_types[$graph_item['graph_type_id']] . ':' . $graph_variables['value'][$graph_item_id] . $graph_item_color_code . ':' . cacti_escapeshellarg($text_format . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]) . '' . $dash;

						break;
					case GRAPH_ITEM_TYPE_VRULE:
						if (substr_count($graph_item['value'], ':')) {
							$value_array = explode(':', $graph_item['value']);

							if ($value_array[0] < 0) {
								$value = date('U') - (-3600 * (int) $value_array[0]) - 60 * (int) $value_array[1];
							} else {
								$mktime = mktime((int) $value_array[0], (int) $value_array[1], 0);
								$value  = date('U', $mktime !== false ? $mktime : 0);
							}

							$txt_graph_items .= $graph_item_types[$graph_item['graph_type_id']] . ':' . $value . $graph_item_color_code . ':' . cacti_escapeshellarg(rrdtool_escape_string(htmle($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id])) . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]) . $dash;
						} elseif (is_numeric($graph_item['value'])) {
							$value = $graph_item['value'];

							$txt_graph_items .= $graph_item_types[$graph_item['graph_type_id']] . ':' . $value . $graph_item_color_code . ':' . cacti_escapeshellarg(rrdtool_escape_string(htmle($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id])) . $hardreturn[$graph_item_id]) . $dash;
						}

						break;
					default:
						$need_rrd_nl = false;
				}
			} else {
				/* rrdtool xport only accepts DEF/CDEF references; a VDEF backed
				 * item would emit XPORT:vdefNN and fail the whole command */
				if ($graph_item['vdef_id'] == 0 && preg_match('/^(AREA|AREA:STACK|LINE[123]|STACK)$/', $graph_item_types[$graph_item['graph_type_id']])) {
					$legend_name = '';

					// give all export items a name
					if (trim($graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id]) == '') {
						if (isset($legends[$graph_item['local_data_id']][$graph_item['data_source_name']][$consolidation_functions[$graph_cf]])) {
							$legend_name = $legends[$graph_item['local_data_id']][$graph_item['data_source_name']][$consolidation_functions[$graph_cf]];
						}
					} else {
						if (isset($legends[$graph_item['local_data_id']][$graph_item['data_source_name']][$consolidation_functions[$graph_cf]])) {
							$legend_name = $legends[$graph_item['local_data_id']][$graph_item['data_source_name']][$consolidation_functions[$graph_cf]];
						} else {
							$legend_name = $graph_variables['text_format'][$graph_item_id];
						}
					}

					if ($legend_name == '') {
						$legend_name = 'col' . $j . '-' . $data_source_name;
					}

					$stacked_columns[$legend_name] = ($graph_item_types[$graph_item['graph_type_id']] == 'STACK') ? 1 : 0;
					$j++;

					$txt_graph_items .= 'XPORT:' . cacti_escapeshellarg($data_source_name) . ':' . str_replace(':', '', cacti_escapeshellarg($legend_name));
				} else {
					$need_rrd_nl = false;
				}
			}

			$i++;

			if (($i < cacti_sizeof($graph_items)) && ($need_rrd_nl)) {
				$txt_graph_items .= RRD_NL;
			}
		}
	}

	if (!isset($graph_data_array['export_csv']) || $graph_data_array['export_csv'] != true) {
		$graph_array = api_plugin_hook_function('rrd_graph_graph_options', ['graph_opts' => $graph_opts, 'graph_defs' => $graph_defs, 'txt_graph_items' => $txt_graph_items, 'graph_id' => $local_graph_id, 'start' => $graph_start, 'end' => $graph_end, 'defs' => $defs]);

		$graph_array = add_unknown_data($graph_array, $xport_meta);
		$graph_array = add_business_hours($graph_array, $xport_meta);

		if (!empty($graph_array)) {
			$graph_defs      = $graph_array['graph_defs'];
			$txt_graph_items = $graph_array['txt_graph_items'];
			$graph_opts      = $graph_array['graph_opts'];
			$defs            = $graph_array['defs'];
		}

		// either print out the source or pass the source onto rrdtool to get us a nice PNG
		if (isset($graph_data_array['print_source'])) {
			if (isset($graph_data_array['graphv'])) {
				$graph = 'graphv';
			} else {
				$graph = 'graph';
			}

			$source_command_line         = read_config_option('path_rrdtool') . " $graph " . $graph_opts . $graph_defs . $txt_graph_items;
			$source_command_line_lengths = strlen(str_replace("\\\n", ' ', $source_command_line));

			print '<pre>' . wordwrap(htmle($source_command_line), 160, PHP_EOL, true) . '</pre>';
			print '<span class="textInfo">' . 'RRDtool Command lengths = ' . $source_command_line_lengths . ' characters.</span><br>';

			if (CACTI_SERVER_OS == 'win32' && $source_command_line_lengths > 8191) {
				print '<pre>' . 'Warning: The Cacti OS is Windows system, RRDtool Command lengths should not exceed 8191 characters.' . '</pre>';
			}
		} else {
			if (isset($graph_data_array['graphv'])) {
				$graph = 'graphv';
			} else {
				$graph = 'graph';
			}

			if (isset($graph_data_array['get_error'])) {
				return rrdtool_execute("graph $graph_opts$graph_defs$txt_graph_items", false, RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_STDERR);
			}

			if (isset($graph_data_array['export'])) {
				rrdtool_execute("graph $graph_opts$graph_defs$txt_graph_items", false, RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_NULL, $rrdtool_pipe);

				return true;
			}

			if (isset($graph_data_array['export_realtime'])) {
				$output_flag = RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_GRAPH_DATA;
				$output      = rrdtool_execute("graph $graph_opts$graph_defs$txt_graph_items", false, $output_flag, $rrdtool_pipe);

				if (!is_string($output) || !rrdtool_atomic_write(
					(string) $graph_data_array['export_realtime'],
					$output,
					(string) read_config_option('realtime_cache_path')
				)) {
					cacti_log('ERROR: Unable to write realtime graph output safely.', false, 'RRDTOOL');

					return false;
				}

				return $output;
			} else {
				$graph_data_array = boost_prep_graph_array($graph_data_array);

				if (!isset($graph_data_array['output_flag'])) {
					$output_flag = RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_GRAPH_DATA;
				} else {
					$output_flag = $graph_data_array['output_flag'];
				}

				$output = rrdtool_execute("$graph $graph_opts$graph_defs$txt_graph_items", false, $output_flag, $rrdtool_pipe);

				boost_graph_set_file($output, $local_graph_id, $rra_id);

				return $output;
			}
		}
	} else {
		$output_flag = RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_STDOUT;

		$xport_array = rrdxport2array(rrdtool_execute("xport $graph_opts$graph_defs$txt_graph_items", false, $output_flag, $rrdtool_pipe));

		if (!isset($xport_array['meta'])) {
			cacti_log('WARNING: RRDtool xport returned no valid data for Local Graph ID ' . $local_graph_id, false, 'EXPORT');

			return [];
		}

		// add host and graph information
		$xport_array['meta']['stacked_columns'] = $stacked_columns;
		$xport_array['meta']['title_cache']     = is_array($graph) ? $graph['title_cache'] : '';
		$xport_array['meta']['vertical_label']  = is_array($graph) ? $graph['vertical_label'] : '';
		$xport_array['meta']['local_graph_id']  = $local_graph_id;
		$xport_array['meta']['host_id']         = is_array($graph) ? $graph['host_id'] : 0;

		return $xport_array;
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Atomically write generated RRDtool output beneath an approved directory.
 *
 * @param string $path         Destination file
 * @param string $contents     Complete generated output
 * @param string $allowed_root Configured directory that owns the destination
 *
 * @return bool Whether the complete file was safely replaced
 */
function rrdtool_atomic_write(string $path, string $contents, string $allowed_root) : bool {
	$root   = realpath($allowed_root);
	$parent = realpath(dirname($path));

	if ($root === false || $parent === false) {
		return false;
	}

	$rootPrefix = rtrim($root, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;

	if ($parent !== $root && !str_starts_with($parent . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $rootPrefix)) {
		return false;
	}

	$temporary = tempnam($parent, '.cacti-rrd-');

	if ($temporary === false) {
		return false;
	}

	try {
		$written = file_put_contents($temporary, $contents, LOCK_EX);

		if ($written !== strlen($contents) || !chmod($temporary, 0644)) {
			return false;
		}

		return rename($temporary, $path);
	} finally {
		if (is_file($temporary)) {
			unlink($temporary);
		}
	}
}

function rrdtool_escape_string(string $text, bool $ignore_percent = true) : string {
	if ($ignore_percent) {
		return str_replace(['"', ':'], ['\"', '\:'], $text);
	} else {
		return str_replace(['"', ':', '%'], ['\"', '\:', '%%'], $text);
	}
}

function rrdtool_function_xport(int $local_graph_id, int $rra_id, array $xport_data_array, array &$xport_meta, int $user = 0) : mixed {
	return rrdtool_function_graph($local_graph_id, $rra_id, $xport_data_array, null, $xport_meta, $user);
}

function rrdtool_function_format_graph_date(array &$graph_data_array) : string {
	global $datechar;

	$graph_legend = '';
	// setup date format
	$date_fmt        = read_user_setting('default_date_format',read_config_option('default_date_format'));
	$dateCharSetting = read_user_setting('default_datechar',read_config_option('default_datechar'));
	$datecharacter   = $datechar[$dateCharSetting];

	switch ($date_fmt) {
		case GD_MO_D_Y:
			$graph_date = 'm' . $datecharacter . 'd' . $datecharacter . 'Y H:i:s';

			break;
		case GD_MN_D_Y:
			$graph_date = 'M' . $datecharacter . 'd' . $datecharacter . 'Y H:i:s';

			break;
		case GD_D_MO_Y:
			$graph_date = 'd' . $datecharacter . 'm' . $datecharacter . 'Y H:i:s';

			break;
		case GD_D_MN_Y:
			$graph_date = 'd' . $datecharacter . 'M' . $datecharacter . 'Y H:i:s';

			break;
		case GD_Y_MO_D:
			$graph_date = 'Y' . $datecharacter . 'm' . $datecharacter . 'd H:i:s';

			break;
		case GD_Y_MN_D:
			$graph_date = 'Y' . $datecharacter . 'M' . $datecharacter . 'd H:i:s';

			break;
		default:
			$graph_date = 'Y' . $datecharacter . 'M' . $datecharacter . 'd H:i:s';

			break;
	}

	if (CACTI_WEB) {
		cacti_time_zone_set();
	}

	// display the timespan for zoomed graphs
	if ((isset($graph_data_array['graph_start'])) && (isset($graph_data_array['graph_end']))) {
		if (($graph_data_array['graph_start'] < 0) && ($graph_data_array['graph_end'] < 0)) {
			$graph_legend = 'COMMENT:"From ' . str_replace(':', '\:', date($graph_date, time() + $graph_data_array['graph_start'])) . ' To ' . str_replace(':', '\:', date($graph_date, time() + $graph_data_array['graph_end'])) . '\\c"' . RRD_NL . 'COMMENT:"  \\n"' . RRD_NL;
		} elseif (($graph_data_array['graph_start'] >= 0) && ($graph_data_array['graph_end'] >= 0)) {
			$graph_legend = 'COMMENT:"From ' . str_replace(':', '\:', date($graph_date, $graph_data_array['graph_start'])) . ' To ' . str_replace(':', '\:', date($graph_date, $graph_data_array['graph_end'])) . '\\c"' . RRD_NL . 'COMMENT:"  \\n"' . RRD_NL;
		}
	}

	if (CACTI_WEB) {
		cacti_system_zone_set();
	}

	return $graph_legend;
}

function rrdtool_function_theme_font_options(array &$graph_data_array) : string {
	global $rrdcolors, $rrdfonts, $rrdborder;

	// implement theme colors
	$graph_opts  = '';
	$themefonts  = [];
	$themecolors = 'rrdcolors';
	$themeborder = 'rrdborder';

	if (isset($graph_data_array['graph_theme'])) {
		$theme = cacti_validate_theme((string) $graph_data_array['graph_theme']);
	} else {
		$theme = cacti_validate_theme(get_selected_theme());
	}

	$rrdtheme = CACTI_PATH_INCLUDE . '/themes/' . $theme . '/rrdtheme.php';

	if (file_exists($rrdtheme) && is_readable($rrdtheme)) {
		$rrdversion = get_rrdtool_version();
		include($rrdtheme);

		if (isset($_COOKIE['CactiColorMode']) && in_array($_COOKIE['CactiColorMode'], ['dark', 'light', 'dark-dimmed'], true)) {
			$themecolors = 'rrdcolors_' . $_COOKIE['CactiColorMode'];
			$themeborder = 'rrdborder_' . $_COOKIE['CactiColorMode'];

			if (!isset(${$themecolors}) || !is_array(${$themecolors})) { // @phpstan-ignore-line
				$themecolors = 'rrdcolors';
				$themeborder = 'rrdborder';
			}
		}

		if (isset(${$themecolors}) && is_array(${$themecolors})) { // @phpstan-ignore-line
			foreach (${$themecolors} as $colortag => $color) { // @phpstan-ignore-line
				$graph_opts .= '--color ' . cacti_strtoupper($colortag) . '#' . cacti_strtoupper($color) . RRD_NL;
			}
		}

		if (isset(${$themeborder}) && cacti_version_compare($rrdversion, '1.4', '>=')) { // @phpstan-ignore-line
			$graph_opts .= '--border ' . ${$themeborder} . RRD_NL; // @phpstan-ignore-line
		}

		if (isset($rrdfonts)) {
			$themefonts = $rrdfonts;
		}
	}

	// title fonts
	$graph_opts .= rrdtool_function_set_font('title', ((!empty($graph_data_array['graph_nolegend'])) ? $graph_data_array['graph_nolegend'] : ''), $themefonts);

	// axis fonts
	$graph_opts .= rrdtool_function_set_font('axis', '', $themefonts);

	// legend fonts
	$graph_opts .= rrdtool_function_set_font('legend', '', $themefonts);

	// unit fonts
	$graph_opts .= rrdtool_function_set_font('unit', '', $themefonts);

	// watermark fonts
	if (isset($rrdversion) && cacti_version_compare($rrdversion, '1.3', '>')) {
		$graph_opts .= rrdtool_function_set_font('watermark', '', $themefonts);
	}

	return $graph_opts;
}

function rrdtool_set_font(string $type, string $no_legend = '', array $themefonts = []) : string {
	return rrdtool_function_set_font($type, $no_legend, $themefonts);
}

function rrdtool_function_set_font(string $type, string $no_legend, array $themefonts) : string {
	if (read_config_option('font_method') == 0) {
		if (read_user_setting('custom_fonts') == 'on') {
			$font = read_user_setting($type . '_font');
			$size = read_user_setting($type . '_size');
		} else {
			$font = read_config_option($type . '_font');
			$size = read_config_option($type . '_size');
		}
	} elseif (isset($themefonts[$type]['font']) && isset($themefonts[$type]['size'])) {
		$font = $themefonts[$type]['font'];
		$size = $themefonts[$type]['size'];
	} else {
		return '';
	}

	if ($font != '') {
		/* verifying all possible pango font params is too complex to be tested here
		 * so we only escape the font
		 */
		$font = cacti_escapeshellarg($font);
	}

	if ($type == 'title') {
		if (!empty($no_legend)) {
			$size *= .70;
		} elseif (($size <= 4) || !is_numeric($size)) {
			$size = 12;
		}
	} elseif (($size <= 4) || !is_numeric($size)) {
		$size = 8;
	}

	return '--font ' . cacti_strtoupper($type) . ':' . floatval($size) . ':' . $font . RRD_NL;
}

function rrd_substitute_host_query_data(string $txt_graph_item, array $graph, array $graph_item) : string {
	// replace host variables in graph elements
	$host_id = 0;

	if (!preg_match('/(\|query_|\|host_|\|input_|\|poller_|\|site_|\|stream_)/', $txt_graph_item)) {
		return $txt_graph_item;
	}

	if (empty($graph['host_id'])) {
		// if graph has no associated host determine host_id from graph item data source
		if (!empty($graph_item['data_source_host_id'])) {
			$host_id = $graph_item['data_source_host_id'];
		} elseif (isset($graph_item['local_data_id']) && !empty($graph_item['local_data_id'])) {
			$host_id = db_fetch_cell_prepared('SELECT host_id
				FROM data_local
				WHERE id = ?',
				[$graph_item['local_data_id']]);
		}
	} else {
		$host_id = $graph['host_id'];
	}

	$txt_graph_item = substitute_host_data($txt_graph_item, '|', '|', $host_id);

	// replace query variables in graph elements
	if (str_contains($txt_graph_item, '|query_')) {
		if (isset($graph_item['snmp_query_id'])) {
			$txt_graph_item = substitute_snmp_query_data($txt_graph_item, $host_id, $graph_item['snmp_query_id'], $graph_item['snmp_index']);
		} elseif (isset($graph['snmp_query_id'])) {
			$txt_graph_item = substitute_snmp_query_data($txt_graph_item, $host_id, $graph['snmp_query_id'], $graph['snmp_index']);
		}
	}

	// replace query variables in graph elements
	if (str_contains($txt_graph_item, '|input_') && isset($graph_item['local_data_id'])) {
		return substitute_data_input_data($txt_graph_item, $graph, $graph_item['local_data_id']);
	}

	if (str_contains($txt_graph_item, '|poller_') && isset($graph_item['local_data_id'])) {
		return substitute_poller_data($txt_graph_item, $graph, $graph_item['local_data_id']);
	}

	if (str_contains($txt_graph_item, '|site_') && isset($graph_item['local_data_id'])) {
		return substitute_site_data($txt_graph_item, $graph, $graph_item['local_data_id']);
	}

	if (str_contains($txt_graph_item, '|stream_') && isset($graph_item['local_data_id'])) {
		if (function_exists('stream_substitute_query_data')) {
			return stream_substitute_query_data($txt_graph_item, $graph, $graph_item['local_data_id']);
		}
	} else {
		return $txt_graph_item;
	}

	return '';
}

function rrdtool_function_get_resstep(mixed $local_data_ids, int $graph_start, int $graph_end, string $type = 'res') : int {
	if (!is_array($local_data_ids)) {
		$local_data_ids = [$local_data_ids];
	}

	$local_data_ids = array_values(array_unique($local_data_ids, SORT_REGULAR));

	$time = time();

	if ($graph_start < 0) {
		$graph_start = $time + $graph_start;
	}

	if ($graph_end < 0) {
		$graph_end = $time + $graph_end;
	}

	if (!cacti_sizeof($local_data_ids)) {
		return 0;
	}

	$placeholders = implode(', ', array_fill(0, cacti_sizeof($local_data_ids), '?'));
	$resolutions  = db_fetch_assoc_prepared("SELECT dtd.local_data_id, dsp.step, dspr.steps, dspr.rows, dspr.timespan
		FROM data_source_profiles AS dsp
		INNER JOIN data_source_profiles_rra AS dspr
		ON dspr.data_source_profile_id = dsp.id
		INNER JOIN data_template_data AS dtd
		ON dtd.data_source_profile_id = dsp.id
		WHERE dtd.local_data_id IN ($placeholders)
		ORDER BY dtd.local_data_id, dsp.step, dspr.steps ASC",
		$local_data_ids);

	$resolutions_by_data_source = [];

	foreach ($resolutions as $resolution) {
		$resolutions_by_data_source[$resolution['local_data_id']][] = $resolution;
	}

	foreach ($local_data_ids as $local_data_id) {
		foreach ($resolutions_by_data_source[$local_data_id] ?? [] as $resolution) {
			if ($graph_start > ($time - ($resolution['step'] * $resolution['steps'] * $resolution['rows']))) {
				return $type == 'res' ?
					$resolution['step'] * $resolution['steps'] :
					$resolution['step'];
			}
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

/**
 * rrdtool_file_exists - given a data source path check either
 * the local file system of the rrdtool proxy to see if the
 * data source path exists.
 *
 * @param string $data_source_path The data source rrdfile path
 * @param mixed  $rrdtool_pipe     The rrdtool pipe if available
 *
 * @return bool A boolean to tell if the file exists
 */
function rrdtool_file_exists(string $data_source_path, mixed $rrdtool_pipe = null) : bool {
	if (read_config_option('storage_location')) {
		if (!rrdtool_execute('file_exists ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($data_source_path), true, RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_BOOLEAN, $rrdtool_pipe, 'POLLER')) {
			return false;
		}
	} elseif (!file_exists($data_source_path)) {
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * rrdtool_function_info - given a data source id, return rrdtool info array
 *
 * @param int   $local_data_id Data source id
 * @param mixed $rrdtool_pipe  The rrdtool pipe if available
 *
 * @return mixed An array containing all data from rrdtool info command
 */
function rrdtool_function_info(int $local_data_id, mixed $rrdtool_pipe = null) : mixed {
	// Get the path to rrdtool file
	$data_source_path = get_data_source_path($local_data_id, true);

	if (!rrdtool_file_exists($data_source_path, $rrdtool_pipe)) {
		return false;
	}

	// Execute rrdtool info command
	$cmd_line = ' info ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($data_source_path);
	$output   = rrdtool_execute($cmd_line, RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_NULL, RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_STDOUT, $rrdtool_pipe);

	if (!is_string($output) || $output == '') {
		return false;
	}

	// Hack for i18n
	if (str_contains($output, ',')) {
		$output = str_replace(',', '.', $output);
	}

	// Parse the output
	$matches  = [];
	/** @var array<string, mixed> $rrd_info */
	$rrd_info = ['rra' => [], 'ds' => []];
	$output   = explode("\n", $output);

	foreach ($output as $line) {
		$line = trim($line);

		if (preg_match('/^ds\[(\S+)\]\.(\S+) = (\S+)$/', $line, $matches)) {
			$rrd_info['ds'][$matches[1]][$matches[2]] = trim($matches[3], '"');
		} elseif (preg_match('/^rra\[(\S+)\]\.(\S+)\[(\S+)\]\.(\S+) = (\S+)$/', $line, $matches)) {
			$rrd_info['rra'][$matches[1]][$matches[2]][$matches[3]][$matches[4]] = trim($matches[5], '"');
		} elseif (preg_match('/^rra\[(\S+)\]\.(\S+) = (\S+)$/', $line, $matches)) {
			$rrd_info['rra'][$matches[1]][$matches[2]] = trim($matches[3], '"');
		} elseif (preg_match("/^(\S+) = \"(\S+)\"$/", $line, $matches)) {
			$rrd_info[$matches[1]] = trim($matches[2], '"');
		} elseif (preg_match('/^(\S+) = (\S+)$/', $line, $matches)) {
			$rrd_info[$matches[1]] = trim($matches[2], '"');
		}
	}

	$output  = '';
	$matches = [];

	// Return parsed values
	return $rrd_info;
}

function rrdtool_function_info_from_ds(int $data_source_id) : array {
	global $data_source_types, $consolidation_functions;

	// construct the skeleton of the info array
	$info_array['rra']      = [];
	$info_array['ds']       = [];
	$info_array['step']     = 0;
	$info_array['filename'] = clean_up_path(get_data_source_path($data_source_id, true));

	// get cacti header information for given data source id
	$cacti_header_array = db_fetch_row_prepared('SELECT
		local_data_template_data_id, rrd_step, data_source_profile_id
		FROM data_template_data
		WHERE local_data_id = ?',
		[$data_source_id]);

	$data_template_id = db_fetch_cell_prepared('SELECT data_template_id
		FROM data_local
		WHERE id = ?',
		[$data_source_id]);

	// get cacti DS information
	if ($data_template_id > 0) {
		$cacti_ds_array = db_fetch_assoc_prepared('SELECT DISTINCT dtr.id, dtr.data_source_name, dtr.data_source_type_id,
			dtr.rrd_heartbeat, dtr.rrd_maximum, dtr.rrd_minimum
			FROM data_template_rrd AS dtr
			INNER JOIN graph_templates_item AS gti
			ON dtr.id = gti.task_item_id
			WHERE local_data_id = ?',
			[$data_source_id]);
	} else {
		$cacti_ds_array = db_fetch_assoc_prepared('SELECT DISTINCT dtr.id, dtr.data_source_name, dtr.data_source_type_id,
			dtr.rrd_heartbeat, dtr.rrd_maximum, dtr.rrd_minimum
			FROM data_template_rrd AS dtr
			WHERE local_data_id = ?',
			[$data_source_id]);
	}

	if (cacti_sizeof($cacti_header_array) && cacti_sizeof($cacti_ds_array)) {
		$info_array['step'] = $cacti_header_array['rrd_step'];

		// get cacti RRA information
		$cacti_rra_array = db_fetch_assoc_prepared('SELECT
			dspc.consolidation_function_id AS cf,
			dsp.x_files_factor AS xff,
			dsp.heartbeat,
			dspr.steps AS steps,
			dspr.rows AS `rows`
			FROM data_source_profiles AS dsp
			INNER JOIN data_source_profiles_cf AS dspc
			ON dsp.id = dspc.data_source_profile_id
			INNER JOIN data_source_profiles_rra AS dspr
			ON dsp.id = dspr.data_source_profile_id
			WHERE dsp.id = ?
			ORDER BY dspc.consolidation_function_id, dspr.steps',
			[$cacti_header_array['data_source_profile_id']]);

		// get the data source information
		$data_local = db_fetch_row_prepared('SELECT host_id, snmp_query_id, snmp_index
			FROM data_local
			WHERE id = ?',
			[$data_source_id]);

		// get the speed just in case we have replacement data
		$speed = is_array($data_local) ? rrdtool_function_interface_speed($data_local) : '0';

		// complete the 'ds' component of the info array
		foreach ($cacti_ds_array as $index => $ds) {
			$info_array['ds'][$ds['data_source_name']]['index'] = $index;
			$info_array['ds'][$ds['data_source_name']]['type']  = $data_source_types[$ds['data_source_type_id']];
			$info_array['ds'][$ds['data_source_name']]['min']   = $ds['rrd_minimum'];

			if ($ds['rrd_maximum'] == '|query_ifSpeed|' || $ds['rrd_maximum'] == '|query_ifHighSpeed|') {
				$info_array['ds'][$ds['data_source_name']]['max'] = $speed;
			} else {
				$info_array['ds'][$ds['data_source_name']]['max'] = $ds['rrd_maximum'];
			}

			$info_array['ds'][$ds['data_source_name']]['minimal_heartbeat'] = $ds['rrd_heartbeat'];
		}

		// complete the 'rra' component of the info array
		if (cacti_sizeof($cacti_rra_array)) {
			foreach ($cacti_rra_array as $index => $rra) {
				foreach ($cacti_ds_array as $ds) {
					$info_array['rra'][$index]['cf']    = $consolidation_functions[$rra['cf']];
					$info_array['rra'][$index]['rows']  = $rra['rows'];
					$info_array['rra'][$index]['xff']   = $rra['xff'];
					$info_array['rra'][$index]['steps'] = $rra['steps'];
				}
			}

			return $info_array;
		} else {
			return [];
		}
	} else {
		return [];
	}
}

/**
 * rrdtool_function_contains_cf  verifies if the RRDfile contains the 'MAX' consolidation function
 *
 * @param int    $local_data_id The id of the data source
 * @param string $cf            The consolidation function to search for
 * @param mixed  $rrdtool_pipe  The rrdtool pipe if available
 *
 * @return bool true or false depending on the result
 */
function rrdtool_function_contains_cf(int $local_data_id, string $cf, mixed $rrdtool_pipe = null) : bool {
	$info = rrdtool_function_info($local_data_id, $rrdtool_pipe);

	if (cacti_sizeof($info)) {
		if (isset($info['rra'])) {
			foreach ($info['rra'] as $ds) {
				if ($ds['cf'] == $cf) {
					return true;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * rrdtool_cacti_compare - compares cacti information to rrd file information
 *
 * @param int   $data_source_id The id of the data source
 * @param array $info           The rrdtool info as an array
 *
 * @return array Array build like $info defining html class in case of error
 */
function rrdtool_cacti_compare(int $data_source_id, array &$info) : array {
	global $data_source_types, $consolidation_functions;

	/**
	 * This function will be passed the RRDtool info rrdfile output
	 * formatted as an array with multiple indexes.  They include:
	 *
	 * 'ds'  => An array of data source items including name, min/max, heartbeat, and type
	 * 'rra' => An array of consolidation functions, rows, xff and other misc data from
	 *          the RRDfile.
	 *
	 * The the $cacti_info array includes the same structure, but from the current database
	 * settings, which may differ from the original rrdfile that is on disk.
	 *
	 * Once we have these two pieces of information, we can do a comparison and provide some
	 * guidance as to how to correct the format of the RRDfile.  Some of the possible
	 * differences can result in what would effectively be missing data, so care must be taken
	 * when providing these recommendations.
	 */

	$cacti_info = rrdtool_function_info_from_ds($data_source_id);

	// create an empty diff array to hold the differences
	$diff = [];

	// initialize some additional variables
	$cacti_rra_id = -1;
	$cacti_rra    = -1;

	if ($cacti_info['step'] != $info['step']) {
		$diff['step'] = __("The required RRDfile step size is '%s' but observed step is '%s'", $cacti_info['step'], $info['step']);
	}

	/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	 * data source information
	 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
	if (cacti_sizeof($cacti_info) && cacti_sizeof($info)) {
		// get the heartbeat from the profile
		$profile_heartbeat = db_fetch_cell_prepared('SELECT heartbeat
			FROM data_source_profiles AS dsp
			INNER JOIN data_template_data AS dtd
			ON dsp.id = dtd.data_source_profile_id
			WHERE dtd.local_data_id = ?',
			[$data_source_id]);

		// cursory checks on total data sources
		if (isset($cacti_info['ds']) && isset($info['ds'])) {
			if (cacti_sizeof($cacti_info['ds']) != cacti_sizeof($info['ds'])) {
				// Need to warn here about the total number of data sources not matchhing
			}

			foreach ($cacti_info['ds'] as $data_source_name => $data_source) {
				/**
				 * This should be a rare case today where the RRDfile does not
				 * have the data source, but Cacti does.
				 */
				if (!isset($info['ds'][$data_source_name])) {
					// cacti knows this ds, but the rrd file does not
					$info['ds'][$data_source_name]['type']              = $data_source['type'];
					$info['ds'][$data_source_name]['minimal_heartbeat'] = $data_source['minimal_heartbeat'];
					$info['ds'][$data_source_name]['min']               = $data_source['min'];
					$info['ds'][$data_source_name]['max']               = $data_source['max'];
					$info['ds'][$data_source_name]['seen']              = true;

					continue;
				}

				/**
				 * Accommodate a Cacti bug where the heartbeat was not
				 * propagated.
				 */
				if ($data_source['minimal_heartbeat'] != $profile_heartbeat) {
					cacti_log(sprintf('NOTE: Incorrect Data Source heartbeat found and corrected for Local Data ID %s and Data Source \'%s\'', $data_source_id, $data_source_name), false, 'DSDEBUG');

					db_execute_prepared('UPDATE data_template_rrd
						SET rrd_heartbeat = ?
						WHERE local_data_id = ?
						AND data_source_name = ?',
						[$profile_heartbeat, $data_source_id, $data_source_name]);

					$cacti_info['ds'][$data_source_name]['minimal_heartbeat'] = $profile_heartbeat;
				}

				// verity that all data sources are seen
				if (isset($info['ds'][$data_source_name])) {
					$info['ds'][$data_source_name]['seen'] = true;
				}

				// check the data source type
				if ($data_source['type'] != $info['ds'][$data_source_name]['type']) {
					$diff['ds'][$data_source_name]['type'] = __("Type for Data Source '%s' should be '%s'", $data_source_name, $data_source['type']);
					$diff['tune'][]                        = cacti_escapeshellarg($info['filename']) . ' --data-source-type ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($data_source_name . ':' . $data_source['type']);
				}

				// check the minimal heartbeat
				if ($data_source['minimal_heartbeat'] != $info['ds'][$data_source_name]['minimal_heartbeat']) {
					$diff['ds'][$data_source_name]['minimal_heartbeat'] = __("Heartbeat for Data Source '%s' should be '%s'", $data_source_name, $data_source['minimal_heartbeat']);
					$diff['tune'][]                                     = cacti_escapeshellarg($info['filename']) . ' --heartbeat ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($data_source_name . ':' . $data_source['minimal_heartbeat']);
				}

				// check the minimums and maximums and correct for legacy behavior
				if ($data_source['min'] != $info['ds'][$data_source_name]['min']) {
					if (($data_source['min'] == '0' || $data_source['max'] == 'U') && $info['ds'][$data_source_name]['min'] == 'NaN') {
						$info['ds'][$data_source_name]['min'] = 'U';
					}
				}

				if ($data_source['min'] != $info['ds'][$data_source_name]['min']) {
					$diff['ds'][$data_source_name]['min'] = __("RRD minimum for Data Source '%s' should be '%s'", $data_source_name, $data_source['min']);
					$diff['tune'][]                       = cacti_escapeshellarg($info['filename']) . ' --minimum ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($data_source_name . ':' . $data_source['min']);
				}
			}
		}

		// if there are data sources missing log that now
		foreach ($info['ds'] as $data_source_name => $data_source) {
			if (!isset($data_source['seen'])) {
				$diff['ds'][$data_source_name]['error'] = __("DS '%s' missing in Cacti definition", $data_source_name);
			}
		}

		if (isset($cacti_info['rra']) && isset($info['rra'])) {
			$resize = true; // assume a resize operation as long as no rra duplicates are found

			// scan cacti rra information for duplicates of (CF, STEPS)
			foreach ($cacti_info['rra'] as $index => $rra) {
				$cf    = $rra['cf'];
				$steps = $rra['steps'];

				foreach ($cacti_info['rra'] as $cacti_rra_id => $cacti_rra) {
					if ($cf == $cacti_rra['cf'] && $steps == $cacti_rra['steps'] && ($index != $cacti_rra_id)) {
						$diff['rra'][$index]['error']        = __("Cacti RRA '%s' has same CF/steps (%s, %s) as '%s'", $index, $cf, $steps, $cacti_rra_id);
						$diff['rra'][$cacti_rra_id]['error'] = __("Cacti RRA '%s' has same CF/steps (%s, %s) as '%s'", $cacti_rra_id, $cf, $steps, $index);
						$resize                              = false;
					}
				}
			}

			// scan file rra information for duplicates of (CF, PDP_PER_ROWS)
			foreach ($info['rra'] as $index => $rra) {
				$cf    = $rra['cf'];
				$steps = $rra['pdp_per_row'];
				$i     = 0;

				foreach ($info['rra'] as $file_rra_id => $file_rra) {
					if (($cf == $file_rra['cf']) && ($steps == $file_rra['pdp_per_row']) && ($index != $file_rra_id)) {
						$diff['rra'][$i]['error']           = __("File RRA '%s' has same CF/steps (%s, %s) as '%s'", $index, $cf, $steps, $file_rra_id);
						$diff['rra'][$file_rra_id]['error'] = __("File RRA '%s' has same CF/steps (%s, %s) as '%s'", $file_rra_id, $cf, $steps, $index);

						$resize = false;
					}

					$i++;
				}
			}

			foreach ($cacti_info['rra'] as $cacti_rra_id => $cacti_rra) {
				/**
				 * find matching rra info from rrd file
				 * do NOT assume, that rra sequence is kept ($cacti_rra_id != $file_rra_id may happen)!
				 * Match is assumed, if CF and STEPS/PDP_PER_ROW match; so go for it
				 */
				foreach ($info['rra'] as $file_rra_id => $file_rra) {
					// in case of mismatch, $file_rra['pdp_per_row'] might not be defined
					if (!isset($file_rra['pdp_per_row'])) {
						$file_rra['pdp_per_row'] = 0;
					}

					// correct issue with older rrdtools
					$file_rra['cf'] = trim($file_rra['cf'], '"');

					if ($cacti_rra['cf'] == $file_rra['cf'] && $cacti_rra_id == $file_rra_id) {
						if (isset($info['rra'][$file_rra_id]['seen'])) {
							continue;
						}

						// mark both rra id's as seen to avoid printing them as non-matching
						$info['rra'][$file_rra_id]['seen']        = true;
						$cacti_info['rra'][$cacti_rra_id]['seen'] = true;

						if ($cacti_rra['steps'] != $file_rra['pdp_per_row']) {
							$diff['rra'][$file_rra_id]['pdp_per_row_error'] = __("The pdp_per_row of '%s' is invalid for RRA '%s' should be '%s'.  Consider deleting and allowing Cacti to re-create RRDfile.", $file_rra['pdp_per_row'], $cacti_rra_id, $cacti_rra['steps']);
						}

						if ($cacti_rra['xff'] != $file_rra['xff']) {
							$diff['rra'][$file_rra_id]['xff'] = __("The XFF for Cacti RRA id is '%s' but should be '%s'", $cacti_rra_id, $cacti_rra['xff']);
						}

						if ($cacti_rra['rows'] != $file_rra['rows'] && $resize) {
							$diff['rra'][$file_rra_id]['rows'] = __("The number of rows for Cacti RRA id '%s' is incorrect.  The number of rows are '%s' but should be '%s'", $cacti_rra_id, $file_rra['rows'], $cacti_rra['rows']);

							if ($cacti_rra['rows'] > $file_rra['rows']) {
								$diff['resize'][] = cacti_escapeshellarg($info['filename']) . ' ' . $cacti_rra_id . ' GROW ' . ($cacti_rra['rows'] - $file_rra['rows']);
							} else {
								$diff['resize'][] = cacti_escapeshellarg($info['filename']) . ' ' . $cacti_rra_id . ' SHRINK ' . ($file_rra['rows'] - $cacti_rra['rows']);
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}

			// if cacti knows an rra that has no match, consider this as an error
			if ($cacti_rra_id >= 0 && $cacti_rra >= 0 && !isset($cacti_info['rra'][$cacti_rra_id]['seen'])) {
				// add to info array for printing, the index $cacti_rra_id has no real meaning
				$info['rra']['cacti_' . $cacti_rra_id]['cf']    = $cacti_rra['cf'];
				$info['rra']['cacti_' . $cacti_rra_id]['steps'] = $cacti_rra['steps'];
				$info['rra']['cacti_' . $cacti_rra_id]['xff']   = $cacti_rra['xff'];
				$info['rra']['cacti_' . $cacti_rra_id]['rows']  = $cacti_rra['rows'];
				$diff['rra']['cacti_' . $cacti_rra_id]['error'] = __("The RRA '%s' missing in the existing Cacti RRDfile", $cacti_rra_id);
			}
		}

		// if the rrd file has an rra that has no cacti match, consider this as an error
		foreach ($info['rra'] as $file_rra_id => $file_rra) {
			if (!isset($info['rra'][$file_rra_id]['seen'])) {
				$diff['rra'][$file_rra_id]['error'] = __("RRA '%s' missing in Cacti definition", $file_rra_id);
			}
		}
	}

	return $diff;
}

/**
 * rrdtool_info2html - take output from rrdtool info array and build html table
 *
 * @param array $info_array An array of rrdtool info data
 * @param array $diff       An array of differences between definition and current rrd file settings
 *
 * @return void
 */
function rrdtool_info2html(array $info_array, array $diff = []) : void {
	include_once(CACTI_PATH_LIBRARY . '/time.php');

	html_start_box(__('RRD File Information'), '100%', false, 3, 'center', '');

	// header data
	$header_items = [
		['display' =>__('Header'), 'align' => 'left'],
		['display' => '', 'align' => 'left']
	];

	html_header($header_items, 1);

	// add human readable timestamp
	if (isset($info_array['last_update'])) {
		$info_array['last_update'] .= ' [' . date(CACTI_DATE_TIME_FORMAT, $info_array['last_update']) . ']';
	}

	$loop = [
		'filename'    => $info_array['filename'],
		'rrd_version' => $info_array['rrd_version'],
		'step'        => $info_array['step'],
		'last_update' => $info_array['last_update']];

	foreach ($loop as $key => $value) {
		form_alternate_row($key, true);
		form_selectable_cell($key, 'key');
		form_selectable_cell($value, 'value', '', ((isset($diff[$key]) ? 'color:red' : '')));
		form_end_row();
	}

	html_end_box();

	// data sources
	$header_items = [
		['display' => __('Data Source Items'), 'align' => 'left'],
		['display' => __('Type'),              'align' => 'left'],
		['display' => __('Minimal Heartbeat'), 'align' => 'right'],
		['display' => __('Min'),               'align' => 'right'],
		['display' => __('Max'),               'align' => 'right'],
		['display' => __('Last DS'),           'align' => 'right'],
		['display' => __('Value'),             'align' => 'right'],
		['display' => __('Unknown Sec'),       'align' => 'right']
	];

	html_start_box('', '100%', false, 3, 'center', '');

	html_header($header_items, 1);

	if (cacti_sizeof($info_array['ds'])) {
		foreach ($info_array['ds'] as $key => $value) {
			form_alternate_row('line' . $key, true);

			form_selectable_cell($key, 'name', '', (isset($diff['ds'][$key]['error']) ? 'color:red' : ''));
			form_selectable_cell(($value['type'] ?? ''), 'type', '', (isset($diff['ds'][$key]['type']) ? 'color:red' : ''));
			form_selectable_cell(($value['minimal_heartbeat'] ?? ''), 'minimal_heartbeat', '', (isset($diff['ds'][$key]['minimal_heartbeat']) ? 'color:red, text-align:right' : 'text-align:right'));

			if (isset($value['min'])) {
				if ($value['min'] == 'U') {
					form_selectable_cell($value['min'], 'min', '', 'right');
				} elseif (is_numeric($value['min'])) {
					form_selectable_cell(number_format_i18n($value['min']), 'min', '', 'right');
				} else {
					form_selectable_cell($value['min'], 'min', '', 'color:red;text-align:right');
				}
			} else {
				form_selectable_cell(__('Unknown'), 'min', '', 'color:red;text-align:right');
			}

			if (isset($value['max'])) {
				if ($value['max'] == 'U' || $value['max'] == 'NaN') {
					form_selectable_cell($value['max'], 'max', '', 'right');
				} elseif (is_numeric($value['max'])) {
					form_selectable_cell(number_format_i18n($value['max']), 'max', '', 'right');
				} else {
					form_selectable_cell($value['max'], 'max', '', 'color:red;text-align:right');
				}
			} else {
				form_selectable_cell(__('Unknown'), 'max', '', 'color:red;text-align:right');
			}

			form_selectable_cell(((isset($value['last_ds']) && is_numeric($value['last_ds']) ? number_format_i18n($value['last_ds']) : ($value['last_ds'] ?? ''))), 'last_ds', '', 'text-align:right');
			form_selectable_cell(((isset($value['value']) ? (is_numeric($value['value']) ? number_format_i18n($value['value']) : $value['value']) : '')), 'value', '', 'text-align:right');
			form_selectable_cell(((isset($value['unknown_sec']) && is_numeric($value['unknown_sec']) ? number_format_i18n($value['unknown_sec']) : ($value['unknown_sec'] ?? ''))), 'unknown_sec', '', 'text-align:right');

			form_end_row();
		}
	}

	html_end_box();

	// round robin archive
	$header_items = [
		['display' => __('Round Robin Archive'),         'align' => 'left'],
		['display' => __('Consolidation Function'),      'align' => 'left'],
		['display' => __('Rows'),                        'align' => 'right'],
		['display' => __('Cur Row'),                     'align' => 'right'],
		['display' => __('PDP per Row'),                 'align' => 'right'],
		['display' => __('X-Files Factor'),              'align' => 'right'],
		['display' => __('CDP Prep Value (0)'),          'align' => 'right'],
		['display' => __('CDP Unknown Data points (0)'), 'align' => 'right']
	];

	html_start_box('', '100%', false, 3, 'center', '');

	html_header($header_items, 1);

	if (cacti_sizeof($info_array['rra'])) {
		foreach ($info_array['rra'] as $key => $value) {
			form_alternate_row('line_' . $key, true);

			form_selectable_cell($key, 'name', '', (isset($diff['rra'][$key]['error']) ? 'color:red' : ''));
			form_selectable_cell(($value['cf'] ?? ''), 'cf');
			form_selectable_cell(($value['rows'] ?? ''), 'rows', '', (isset($diff['rra'][$key]['rows']) ? 'color:red;text-align:right' : 'text-align:right'));
			form_selectable_cell(($value['cur_row'] ?? ''), 'cur_row', '', 'text-align:right');
			form_selectable_cell(($value['pdp_per_row'] ?? ''), 'pdp_per_row', '', 'text-align:right');
			form_selectable_cell((isset($value['xff']) ? floatval($value['xff']) : ''), 'xff', '', (isset($diff['rra'][$key]['xff']) ? 'color:red;text-align:right' : 'text-align:right'));
			form_selectable_cell((isset($value['cdp_prep'][0]['value']) ? ((cacti_strtolower($value['cdp_prep'][0]['value']) == 'nan') ? $value['cdp_prep'][0]['value'] : floatval($value['cdp_prep'][0]['value'])) : ''), 'value', '', 'text-align:right');
			form_selectable_cell(($value['cdp_prep'][0]['unknown_datapoints'] ?? ''), 	'unknown_datapoints', '', 'text-align:right');

			form_end_row();
		}
	}

	html_end_box();
}

/**
 * print_leaves - A function used by the rrdtool_tune function to output data
 *
 * @param array $array The array of leaves
 *
 * @return void
 */
function print_leaves(array $array) : void {
	foreach ($array as $key => $line) {
		if (!is_array($line)) {
			if (CACTI_CLI) {
				print $line . PHP_EOL;
			} else {
				print '<tr><td>' . $line . '</td></tr>';
			}
		} else {
			if ($key === 'tune') {
				continue;
			}

			if ($key === 'resize') {
				continue;
			}
			print_leaves($line);
		}
	}
}

/**
 * rrdtool_tune - create rrdtool tune/resize commands html+cli enabled
 *
 * @param string $rrd_file    The rrd file name
 * @param array  $diff        The array of discrepancies between cacti settings and rrd file info
 * @param bool   $show_source The only show text+commands or execute all commands, execute is for cli mode only!
 *
 * @return void
 */
function rrdtool_tune(string $rrd_file, array $diff, bool $show_source = true) : void {
	$rrd_path = read_config_option('path_rrdtool');

	$cmd = [];

	if ($show_source && cacti_sizeof($diff)) {
		if (!CACTI_CLI) {
			html_header([__('Errors Found')]);
		}

		print_leaves($diff);

		if (!CACTI_CLI) {
			html_end_box();
		}
	}

	if (isset($diff['tune']) || isset($diff['resize'])) {
		if (!CACTI_CLI) {
			html_header([__('Optional Tuning Recommendations')]);
		}
	}

	if (isset($diff['tune']) && cacti_sizeof($diff['tune'])) {
		// create tune commands
		foreach ($diff['tune'] as $line) {
			if ($show_source == true) {
				if (CACTI_CLI) {
					print $rrd_path . ' tune ' . $line . PHP_EOL;
				} else {
					print '<tr><td>' . $rrd_path . ' tune ' . $line . '</td></tr>';
				}
			} else {
				rrdtool_execute("tune $line", true, RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_STDOUT);
			}
		}
	}

	if (isset($diff['resize']) && cacti_sizeof($diff['resize'])) {
		// each resize goes into an extra line
		foreach ($diff['resize'] as $line) {
			if ($show_source == true) {
				if (CACTI_CLI) {
					print read_config_option('path_rrdtool') . ' resize ' . $line . PHP_EOL;
					print __('rename %s to %s', dirname($rrd_file) . '/resize.rrd', $rrd_file) . PHP_EOL;
				} else {
					print '<tr><td>' . read_config_option('path_rrdtool') . ' resize ' . $line . '</td></tr>';
					print '<tr><td>' . __('rename %s to %s', dirname($rrd_file) . '/resize.rrd', $rrd_file) . '</td></tr>';
				}
			} else {
				rrdtool_execute("resize $line", true, RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_STDOUT);
				rename(dirname($rrd_file) . '/resize.rrd', $rrd_file);
			}
		}
	}

	if (isset($diff['tune']) || isset($diff['resize'])) {
		if (!CACTI_CLI) {
			html_end_box();
		}
	}
}

/**
 * rrd_check - Given a data source id, check the rrdtool file to the data source definition
 *
 * @param int $data_source_id The data source id
 *
 * @return void An array containing issues with the rrdtool file definition vs data source
 */
function rrd_check(int $data_source_id) : void {
	global $rrd_tune_array, $data_source_types;

	$data_source_name = get_data_source_item_name($rrd_tune_array['data_source_id']);
	$data_source_type = $data_source_types[$rrd_tune_array['data-source-type']];
	$data_source_path = get_data_source_path($rrd_tune_array['data_source_id'], true);
}

/**
 * rrd_repair - Given a data source id, update the rrdtool file to match the data source definition
 *
 * @param int $data_source_id The data source id
 *
 * @return void
 */
function rrd_repair(int $data_source_id) : void {
	global $rrd_tune_array, $data_source_types;

	$data_source_name = get_data_source_item_name($rrd_tune_array['data_source_id']);
	$data_source_type = $data_source_types[$rrd_tune_array['data-source-type']];
	$data_source_path = get_data_source_path($rrd_tune_array['data_source_id'], true);
}

/**
 * Load an RRDtool dump as XML without network/entity access or PHP warnings.
 *
 * @param string        $file     Existing RRD file
 * @param mixed         $pipe     Optional RRDtool pipe
 * @param callable|null $executor Test seam for RRDtool execution
 *
 * @return DOMDocument|false Parsed dump, or false when execution/parsing fails
 */
function rrdtool_dump_document(string $file, mixed $pipe = null, ?callable $executor = null) : DOMDocument|false {
	$executor ??= 'rrdtool_execute';
	$output = $executor(
		'dump ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($file),
		false,
		RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_STDOUT,
		$pipe,
		'UTIL'
	);

	if (!is_string($output) || trim($output) === '') {
		return false;
	}

	$dom      = new DOMDocument();
	$previous = libxml_use_internal_errors(true);

	try {
		return $dom->loadXML($output, LIBXML_NONET) ? $dom : false;
	} finally {
		libxml_clear_errors();
		libxml_use_internal_errors($previous);
	}
}

/**
 * Restore a modified RRD XML document to a validated replacement file.
 *
 * The original RRD remains untouched until RRDtool has produced a non-empty
 * replacement in a private sibling directory.  The final rename is atomic on
 * supported local filesystems, and every temporary artifact is removed on
 * both success and failure.
 *
 * @param DOMDocument   $dom      Modified RRDtool XML document
 * @param string        $file     Existing RRD file to replace
 * @param mixed         $pipe     Optional RRDtool pipe
 * @param callable|null $executor Test seam for RRDtool execution
 * @param callable|null $renamer  Test seam for the final atomic rename
 *
 * @return bool Whether a validated replacement was installed
 */
function rrdtool_restore_document(DOMDocument $dom, string $file, mixed $pipe = null, ?callable $executor = null, ?callable $renamer = null) : bool {
	$directory = realpath(dirname($file));
	$metadata  = @stat($file);

	if ($directory === false || !is_array($metadata) || !is_writable($file) || !is_writable($directory)) {
		return false;
	}

	$placeholder = tempnam($directory, '.cacti-rrd-restore-');

	if ($placeholder === false || !unlink($placeholder) || !mkdir($placeholder, 0700)) {
		return false;
	}

	$xml_file = $placeholder . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'source.xml';
	$new_file = $placeholder . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'replacement.rrd';
	$executor ??= 'rrdtool_execute';
	$renamer ??= 'rename';

	try {
		$bytes = $dom->save($xml_file);

		if ($bytes === false || $bytes < 1 || !chmod($xml_file, 0600)) {
			return false;
		}

		$result = $executor(
			'restore -f ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($xml_file) . ' ' . cacti_escapeshellarg($new_file),
			false,
			RRDTOOL_OUTPUT_STDOUT,
			$pipe,
			'UTIL'
		);

		if ($result === false || !is_file($new_file) || filesize($new_file) < 1) {
			return false;
		}

		if (!chmod($new_file, $metadata['mode'] & 0777)) {
			return false;
		}

		if (function_exists('posix_geteuid') && posix_geteuid() === 0) {
			if (!chown($new_file, $metadata['uid']) || !chgrp($new_file, $metadata['gid'])) {
				return false;
			}
		}

		return $renamer($new_file, $file) === true;
	} finally {
		if (is_file($xml_file)) {
			unlink($xml_file);
		}

		if (is_file($new_file)) {
			unlink($new_file);
		}

		if (is_dir($placeholder)) {
			rmdir($placeholder);
		}
	}
}

/**
 * rrd_datasource_add - add a (list of) datasource(s) to an (array of) rrd file(s)
 *
 * @param array $file_array The array of rrd files
 * @param array $ds_array   The array of datasource parameters
 * @param bool  $debug      Debug mode
 *
 * @return mixed Success or error message
 */
function rrd_datasource_add(array $file_array, array $ds_array, bool $debug) : mixed {
	global $data_source_types, $consolidation_functions;

	$rrdtool_pipe = rrd_init();

	try {
		// iterate all given rrd files
		foreach ($file_array as $file) {
			$dom = rrdtool_dump_document($file, $rrdtool_pipe);

			if (!$dom instanceof DOMDocument) {
				$check['err_msg'] = __('Error while parsing the XML of rrdtool dump');

				return $check;
			}

			/* rrdtool dump depends on rrd file version:
			 * version 0001 => RRDtool 1.0.x
			 * version 0003 => RRDtool 1.2.x, 1.3.x, 1.4.x, 1.5.x, 1.6.x
			 */
			$version_node = $dom->getElementsByTagName('version')->item(0);
			$version      = $version_node !== null ? trim($version_node->nodeValue) : RRD_FILE_VERSION3;

			// now start XML processing
			foreach ($ds_array as $ds) {
				// first, append the <DS> structure in the rrd header
				if ($ds['type'] === $data_source_types[5]) {
					rrd_append_compute_ds($dom, $version, $ds['name'], $ds['type'], $ds['cdef']);
				} else {
					rrd_append_ds($dom, $version, $ds['name'], $ds['type'], $ds['heartbeat'], $ds['min'], $ds['max']);
				}
				// now work on the <DS> structure as part of the <cdp_prep> tree
				rrd_append_cdp_prep_ds($dom, $version);
				// add <V>alues to the <database> tree
				rrd_append_value($dom);
			}

			if ($debug) {
				print $dom->saveXML();
			} elseif (!rrdtool_restore_document($dom, $file, $rrdtool_pipe)) {
				$check['err_msg'] = __('ERROR: Unable to install validated RRDfile replacement for %s', $file);

				return $check;
			} else {
				cacti_log('Added Data Source(s) to RRDfile: ' . $file, false, 'UTIL');
			}
		}
	} finally {
		rrd_close($rrdtool_pipe);
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * rrd_rra_delete - delete a (list of) rra(s) from an (array of) rrd file(s)
 *
 * @param array $file_array An array of rrd files
 * @param array $rra_array  An array of rra parameters
 * @param bool  $debug      Debug mode
 *
 * @return mixed True for success (bool) or error message (array)
 */
function rrd_rra_delete(array $file_array, array $rra_array, bool $debug) : mixed {
	$rrdtool_pipe = rrd_init();

	try {
		// iterate all given rrd files
		foreach ($file_array as $file) {
			$dom = rrdtool_dump_document($file, $rrdtool_pipe);

			if (!$dom instanceof DOMDocument) {
				$check['err_msg'] = __('Error while parsing the XML of RRDtool dump');

				return $check;
			}

			// now start XML processing
			foreach ($rra_array as $rra) {
				rrd_delete_rra($dom, $rra);
			}

			if ($debug) {
				print $dom->saveXML();
			} elseif (!rrdtool_restore_document($dom, $file, $rrdtool_pipe)) {
				$check['err_msg'] = __('ERROR: Unable to install validated RRDfile replacement for %s', $file);

				return $check;
			} else {
				cacti_log('Deleted RRA(s) from RRDfile: ' . $file, false, 'UTIL');
			}
		}
	} finally {
		rrd_close($rrdtool_pipe);
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * rrd_rra_clone - clone a (list of) rra(s) from an (array of) rrd file(s)
 *
 * @param array  $file_array And array of rrd files
 * @param string $cf         The new consolidation function
 * @param array  $rra_array  An array of rra parameters
 * @param bool   $debug      Debug mode
 *
 * @return mixed Success (bool) or error message (array)
 */
function rrd_rra_clone(array $file_array, string $cf, array $rra_array, bool $debug) : mixed {
	$rrdtool_pipe = rrd_init();

	try {
		// iterate all given rrd files
		foreach ($file_array as $file) {
			$dom = rrdtool_dump_document($file, $rrdtool_pipe);

			if (!$dom instanceof DOMDocument) {
				$check['err_msg'] = __('Error while parsing the XML of RRDtool dump');

				return $check;
			}

			// now start XML processing
			foreach ($rra_array as $rra) {
				rrd_copy_rra($dom, $cf, $rra);
			}

			if ($debug) {
				print $dom->saveXML();
			} elseif (!rrdtool_restore_document($dom, $file, $rrdtool_pipe)) {
				$check['err_msg'] = __('ERROR: Unable to install validated RRDfile replacement for %s', $file);

				return $check;
			} else {
				cacti_log('Cloned RRA(s) in RRDfile: ' . $file, false, 'UTIL');
			}
		}
	} finally {
		rrd_close($rrdtool_pipe);
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * rrd_append_ds - appends a <DS> subtree to an RRD XML structure
 *
 * @param object $dom     The DOM object, where the RRD XML is stored
 * @param string $version The rrd file version
 * @param string $name    Name of the new ds
 * @param string $type    Type of the new ds
 * @param int    $min_hb  Heartbeat of the new ds
 * @param string $min     Min value of the new ds or [NaN|U]
 * @param string $max     Max value of the new ds or [NaN|U]
 *
 * @return object Modified DOM
 */
function rrd_append_ds(object $dom, string $version, string $name, string $type, int $min_hb, string $min, string $max) : object {
	// rrdtool version dependencies
	if ($version === RRD_FILE_VERSION1) {
		$last_ds = 'U';
	} elseif ($version === RRD_FILE_VERSION3) {
		$last_ds = 'UNKN';
	} else {
		$last_ds = 'UNKN';
	}

	// create <DS> subtree
	$new_dom = new DOMDocument;
	// pretty print
	$new_dom->formatOutput = true;
	// this defines the new node structure
	$new_dom->loadXML("
			<ds>
				<name> $name </name>
				<type> $type </type>
				<minimal_heartbeat> $min_hb </minimal_heartbeat>
				<min> $min </min>
				<max> $max </max>

				<!-- PDP Status -->
				<last_ds> $last_ds </last_ds>
				<value> 0.0000000000e+00 </value>
				<unknown_sec> 0 </unknown_sec>
			</ds>");

	// create a node element from new document
	$new_node = $new_dom->getElementsByTagName('ds')->item(0);
	// echo $new_dom->saveXML();	# print new node

	// get XPATH notation required for positioning
	// $xpath = new DOMXPath($dom);
	/* get XPATH for entry where new node will be inserted
	 * which is the <rra> entry */
	// $insert = $xpath->query('/rrd/rra')->item(0);
	$insert = $dom->getElementsByTagName('rra')->item(0);

	if ($insert !== null && $new_node !== null) {
		// import the new node
		$new_node = $dom->importNode($new_node, true);
		// and insert it at the correct place
		$insert->parentNode->insertBefore($new_node, $insert);
	}

	return $dom;
}

/**
 * rrd_append_compute_ds - COMPUTE DS: appends a <DS> subtree to an RRD XML structure
 *
 * @param object $dom     The DOM object, where the RRD XML is stored
 * @param string $version The rrd file version
 * @param string $name    Name of the new ds
 * @param string $type    Type of the new ds
 * @param int    $cdef    The cdef rpn used for COMPUTE
 *
 * @return object Modified DOM
 */
function rrd_append_compute_ds(object $dom, string $version, string $name, string $type, int $cdef) : object {
	// rrdtool version dependencies
	if ($version === RRD_FILE_VERSION1) {
		$last_ds = 'U';
	} elseif ($version === RRD_FILE_VERSION3) {
		$last_ds = 'UNKN';
	} else {
		$last_ds = 'UNKN';
	}

	// create <DS> subtree
	$new_dom = new DOMDocument;
	// pretty print
	$new_dom->formatOutput = true;
	// this defines the new node structure
	$new_dom->loadXML("
			<ds>
				<name> $name </name>
				<type> $type </type>
				<cdef> $cdef </cdef>

				<!-- PDP Status -->
				<last_ds> $last_ds </last_ds>
				<value> 0.0000000000e+00 </value>
				<unknown_sec> 0 </unknown_sec>
			</ds>");

	// create a node element from new document
	$new_node = $new_dom->getElementsByTagName('ds')->item(0);

	// get XPATH notation required for positioning
	// $xpath = new DOMXPath($dom);
	/* get XPATH for entry where new node will be inserted
	 * which is the <rra> entry */
	// $insert = $xpath->query('/rrd/rra')->item(0);
	$insert = $dom->getElementsByTagName('rra')->item(0);

	if ($insert !== null && $new_node !== null) {
		// import the new node
		$new_node = $dom->importNode($new_node, true);
		// and insert it at the correct place
		$insert->parentNode->insertBefore($new_node, $insert);
	}

	return $dom;
}

/**
 * rrd_append_cdp_prep_ds - append a <DS> subtree to the <CDP_PREP> subtrees of a RRD XML structure
 *
 * @param object $dom     The DOM object, where the RRD XML is stored
 * @param string $version The rrd file version
 *
 * @return object The modified DOM object
 */
function rrd_append_cdp_prep_ds(object $dom, string $version) : object {
	// get all <cdp_prep><ds> entries
	// $cdp_prep_list = $xpath->query('/rrd/rra/cdp_prep');
	$rra_node = $dom->getElementsByTagName('rra')->item(0);

	if ($rra_node === null) {
		return $dom;
	}

	$cdp_prep_list = $rra_node->getElementsByTagName('cdp_prep');

	// get XPATH notation required for positioning
	// $xpath = new DOMXPath($dom);

	// get XPATH for source <ds> entry
	// $src_ds = $xpath->query('/rrd/rra/cdp_prep/ds')->item(0);
	$cdp_prep_first = $cdp_prep_list->item(0);

	if ($cdp_prep_first === null) {
		return $dom;
	}

	$src_ds = $cdp_prep_first->getElementsByTagName('ds')->item(0);

	if ($src_ds === null) {
		return $dom;
	}

	// clone the source ds entry to preserve RRDtool notation
	$new_ds = $src_ds->cloneNode(true);

	// rrdtool version dependencies
	if ($version === RRD_FILE_VERSION3) {
		$new_ds->getElementsByTagName('primary_value')->item(0)->nodeValue   = ' NaN ';
		$new_ds->getElementsByTagName('secondary_value')->item(0)->nodeValue = ' NaN ';
	}

	// the new node always has default entries
	$new_ds->getElementsByTagName('value')->item(0)->nodeValue              = ' NaN ';
	$new_ds->getElementsByTagName('unknown_datapoints')->item(0)->nodeValue = ' 0 ';

	// iterate all entries found, equals 'number of <rra>' times 'number of <ds>'
	if ($cdp_prep_list->length) {
		foreach ($cdp_prep_list as $cdp_prep) {
			/* $cdp_prep now points to the next <cdp_prep> XML Element
			 * and append new ds entry at end of <cdp_prep> child list */
			$cdp_prep->appendChild($new_ds->cloneNode(true));
		}
	}

	return $dom;
}

/**
 * rrd_append_value - append a <V>alue element to the <DATABASE> subtrees of a RRD XML structure
 *
 * @param object $dom The DOM object, where the RRD XML is stored
 *
 * @return object The modified DOM object
 */
function rrd_append_value(object $dom) : object {
	if (!$dom instanceof DOMDocument) {
		return $dom;
	}

	// get XPATH notation required for positioning
	// $xpath = new DOMXPath($dom);

	// get all <cdp_prep><ds> entries
	// $itemList = $xpath->query('/rrd/rra/database/row');
	$itemList = $dom->getElementsByTagName('row');

	// create <V> entry to preserve RRDtool notation
	$new_v = $dom->createElement('v', ' NaN ');

	// iterate all entries found, equals 'number of <rra>' times 'number of <ds>'
	if ($itemList->length) {
		foreach ($itemList as $item) {
			/* $item now points to the next <row> XML Element
			 * and append new v entry at end of <row> child list */
			$item->appendChild($new_v->cloneNode(true));
		}
	}

	return $dom;
}

/**
 * rrd_delete_rra - delete an <RRA> subtree from the <RRD> XML structure
 *
 * @param object $dom      The DOM document, where the RRD XML is stored
 * @param array  $rra_parm A single rra parameter set, given by the user
 *
 * @return object The modified DOM object
 */
function rrd_delete_rra(object $dom, array $rra_parm) : object {
	if (!$dom instanceof DOMDocument) {
		return $dom;
	}

	// find all RRA DOMNodes
	$rras = $dom->getElementsByTagName('rra');

	// iterate all entries found
	$nb = $rras->length;

	for ($pos = 0; $pos < $nb; $pos++) {
		// retrieve all RRA DOMNodes one by one
		$rra         = $rras->item($pos);
		$cf          = $rra->getElementsByTagName('cf')->item(0)->nodeValue;
		$pdp_per_row = $rra->getElementsByTagName('pdp_per_row')->item(0)->nodeValue;
		$xff         = $rra->getElementsByTagName('xff')->item(0)->nodeValue;
		$rows        = $rra->getElementsByTagName('row')->length;

		if ($cf == $rra_parm['cf'] &&
			$pdp_per_row == $rra_parm['pdp_per_row'] &&
			$xff == $rra_parm['xff'] &&
			$rows == $rra_parm['rows']) {
			print (__('RRA (CF=%s, ROWS=%d, PDP_PER_ROW=%d, XFF=%1.2f) removed from RRD file', $cf, $rows, $pdp_per_row, $xff)) . PHP_EOL;
			// we need the parentNode for removal operation
			$parent = $rra->parentNode;
			$parent->removeChild($rra);

			break; // do NOT accidentally remove more than one element, else loop back to forth
		}
	}

	return $dom;
}

/**
 * rrd_copy_rra - clone an <RRA> subtree of the <RRD> XML structure, replacing cf
 *
 * @param object $dom      The DOM document, where the RRD XML is stored
 * @param string $cf       New consolidation function
 * @param array  $rra_parm A single rra parameter set, given by the user
 *
 * @return object The modified DOM object
 */
function rrd_copy_rra(object $dom, string $cf, array $rra_parm) : object {
	if (!$dom instanceof DOMDocument) {
		return $dom;
	}

	// find all RRA DOMNodes
	$rras = $dom->getElementsByTagName('rra');

	// iterate all entries found
	$nb = $rras->length;

	for ($pos = 0; $pos < $nb; $pos++) {
		// retrieve all RRA DOMNodes one by one
		$rra          = $rras->item($pos);
		$_cf          = $rra->getElementsByTagName('cf')->item(0)->nodeValue;
		$_pdp_per_row = $rra->getElementsByTagName('pdp_per_row')->item(0)->nodeValue;
		$_xff         = $rra->getElementsByTagName('xff')->item(0)->nodeValue;
		$_rows        = $rra->getElementsByTagName('row')->length;

		if ($_cf == $rra_parm['cf'] &&
			$_pdp_per_row == $rra_parm['pdp_per_row'] &&
			$_xff == $rra_parm['xff'] &&
			$_rows == $rra_parm['rows']) {
			print (__('RRA (CF=%s, ROWS=%d, PDP_PER_ROW=%d, XFF=%1.2f) adding to RRD file', $cf, $_rows, $_pdp_per_row, $_xff)) . PHP_EOL;
			// we need the parentNode for append operation
			$parent = $rra->parentNode;

			// get a clone of the matching RRA
			$new_rra = $rra->cloneNode(true);

			// and find the 'old' cf
			// $old_cf = $new_rra->getElementsByTagName('cf')->item(0);
			// now replace old cf with new one
			// $old_cf->childNodes->item(0)->replaceData(0,20,$cf);
			if ($new_rra instanceof DOMElement) {
				$new_rra->getElementsByTagName('cf')->item(0)->nodeValue = $cf;
			}

			// append new rra entry at end of the list
			$parent->appendChild($new_rra);

			break; // do NOT accidentally clone more than one element, else loop back to forth
		}
	}

	return $dom;
}

function rrdtool_replacement_legend(int $local_graph_id) : array {
	$graph_data = db_fetch_assoc_prepared('SELECT gti.legend, dtr.data_source_name,
		gti.consolidation_function_id, c.hex, gti.alpha, gti.text_format
		FROM graph_templates_item AS gti
		INNER JOIN data_template_rrd AS dtr
		ON gti.task_item_id = dtr.id
		LEFT JOIN colors AS c
		ON gti.color_id = c.id
		WHERE gti.local_graph_id = ?
		AND graph_type_id IN (7,8,2,4,5,6,20)
		ORDER BY gti.sequence',
		[$local_graph_id]);

	$is_agg = db_fetch_cell_prepared('SELECT COUNT(*)
		FROM aggregate_graphs
		WHERE local_graph_id = ?',
		[$local_graph_id]);

	$legend = [];

	if (cacti_sizeof($graph_data)) {
		foreach ($graph_data as $g) {
			if ($is_agg && $g['text_format'] != '') {
				$agg_prefix = $g['text_format'] . ' - ';
			} else {
				$agg_prefix = '';
			}

			if ($g['legend'] != '') {
				$legend[] = ['legend' => $agg_prefix . $g['legend'], 'color' => '#' . $g['hex'] . $g['alpha']];
			} else {
				if ($g['data_source_name'] == '') {
					$g['data_source_name'] = 'Unknown';
				}

				$g['data_source_name'] = ucwords(str_replace('_', ' ', $g['data_source_name']));

				switch($g['consolidation_function_id']) {
					case 1:
						$g['data_source_name'] .= ' (AVG)';

						break;
					case 2:
						$g['data_source_name'] .= ' (MIN)';

						break;
					case 3:
						$g['data_source_name'] .= ' (MAX)';

						break;
					case 4:
						$g['data_source_name'] .= ' (LAST)';

						break;
				}

				$legend[] = ['legend' => $agg_prefix . $g['data_source_name'], 'color' => '#' . $g['hex'] . $g['alpha']];
			}
		}
	}

	return $legend;
}

function rrdtool_parse_error(string $string) : string {
	if (preg_match('/ERROR. opening \'(.*)\': (No such|Permiss).*/', $string, $matches)) {
		if (cacti_sizeof($matches) >= 2) {
			$filename  = (string) $matches[1];
			$rra_name  = basename($filename);
			$rra_path  = dirname($filename) . '/';

			if (!is_resource_writable($rra_path)) {
				$message  = __('Website does not have write access to %s, may be unable to create/update RRDs', 'folder');
				$rra_name = str_replace(CACTI_PATH_RRA . '/', '', $rra_path);
				$rra_path = '';
			} else {
				$found = stripos($filename, CACTI_PATH_BASE);

				if ($found > 0 || $found === 0) {
					$rra_file = str_replace(CACTI_PATH_RRA . '/', '', $filename);
					$rra_name = basename($rra_file);
					$rra_path = dirname($rra_file);
				} else {
					$rra_name = basename($filename);
					$rra_path = __('(Custom)');
				}

				if (!is_resource_writable($filename)) {
					$message = __('Website does not have write access to %s, may be unable to create/update RRDs', 'data file');
				} else {
					$message = __('Failed to open data file, poller may not have run yet');
				}

				$rra_path = '(' . __('RRA Folder') . ': ' . ((empty($rra_path) || $rra_path == '.') ? __('Root') : $rra_path) . ')';
			}

			$string = $message . ":\n\0x27\n" . $rra_name;

			if (!empty($rra_path)) {
				$string .= "\n" . $rra_path;
			}
		}
	}

	return $string;
}

function rrdtool_create_error_image(string $string, mixed $width = '', mixed $height = '') : string {
	global $dejavu_paths;

	$string = rrdtool_parse_error($string);

	// put image in buffer
	ob_start();

	$image_data  = false;
	$font_color  = '000000';
	$font_size   = 8;
	$back_color  = 'F3F3F3';
	$shadea      = 'CBCBCB';
	$shadeb      = '999999';

	if (CACTI_SERVER_OS == 'unix') {
		foreach ($dejavu_paths as $dejavupath) {
			if (file_exists($dejavupath . '/DejaVuSans.ttf')) {
				$font_file = $dejavupath . '/DejaVuSans.ttf';

				break;
			}
		}
	} else {
		$font_file = 'C:/Windows/Fonts/Arial.ttf';
	}

	$themefile  = CACTI_PATH_INCLUDE . '/themes/' . get_selected_theme() . '/rrdtheme.php';

	if (file_exists($themefile) && is_readable($themefile)) {
		include($themefile);

		if (isset($rrdfonts['legend']['size'])) {
			$font_size = $rrdfonts['legend']['size'];
		}

		if (isset($rrdcolors['font'])) {
			$font_color = $rrdcolors['font'];
		}

		if (isset($rrdcolors['canvas'])) {
			$back_color = $rrdcolors['canvas'];
		}

		if (isset($rrdcolors['shadea'])) {
			$shadea = $rrdcolors['shadea'];
		}

		if (isset($rrdcolors['shadeb'])) {
			$shadeb = $rrdcolors['shadeb'];
		}
	}

	$image = imagecreatetruecolor(450, 200);
	imagesavealpha($image, true);

	// create a transparent color
	$transparent = imagecolorallocatealpha($image, 0, 0, 0, 127);

	if ($transparent !== false) {
		imagefill($image, 0, 0, $transparent);
	}

	// background the entire image with the frame
	$shadeb_parsed = sscanf($shadeb, '%02x%02x%02x');
	$red           = min(255, max(0, (int) ($shadeb_parsed[0] ?? 0)));
	$green         = min(255, max(0, (int) ($shadeb_parsed[1] ?? 0)));
	$blue          = min(255, max(0, (int) ($shadeb_parsed[2] ?? 0)));

	$shadeb_color = imagecolorallocate($image, $red, $green, $blue);

	if ($shadeb_color !== false) {
		imagefill($image, 0, 0, $shadeb_color);
	}

	// set the background color
	$shadea_parsed = sscanf($shadea, '%02x%02x%02x');
	$red           = min(255, max(0, (int) ($shadea_parsed[0] ?? 0)));
	$green         = min(255, max(0, (int) ($shadea_parsed[1] ?? 0)));
	$blue          = min(255, max(0, (int) ($shadea_parsed[2] ?? 0)));

	$shadea_color = imagecolorallocate($image, $red, $green, $blue);

	if ($shadea_color !== false) {
		imagefilledrectangle($image, 1, 1, 448, 198, $shadea_color);
	}

	// set the background color
	$back_parsed = sscanf($back_color, '%02x%02x%02x');
	$red         = min(255, max(0, (int) ($back_parsed[0] ?? 0)));
	$green       = min(255, max(0, (int) ($back_parsed[1] ?? 0)));
	$blue        = min(255, max(0, (int) ($back_parsed[2] ?? 0)));

	$back_color_alloc = imagecolorallocate($image, $red, $green, $blue);

	if ($back_color_alloc !== false) {
		imagefilledrectangle($image, 2, 2, 447, 197, $back_color_alloc);
	}

	// allocate the image
	$logo = imagecreatefrompng(CACTI_PATH_IMAGES . '/cacti_error_image.png');

	// merge the two images
	if ($logo !== false) {
		imagecopy($image, $logo, 0, 0, 0, 0, 450, 200);
	}

	// set the background color
	$font_parsed = sscanf($font_color, '%02x%02x%02x');
	$red         = min(255, max(0, (int) ($font_parsed[0] ?? 0)));
	$green       = min(255, max(0, (int) ($font_parsed[1] ?? 0)));
	$blue        = min(255, max(0, (int) ($font_parsed[2] ?? 0)));

	$text_color = imagecolorallocate($image, $red, $green, $blue);

	// see the size of the string
	$string    = trim($string);
	$maxstring = intval(ceil((450 - (125 + 10)) / ($font_size / 0.9)));
	$stringlen = strlen($string) * $font_size;
	$padding   = 5;

	if ($stringlen > $maxstring) {
		$cstring = wordwrap($string, $maxstring, "\n", true);
		$strings = explode("\n", $cstring);
		$strings = array_reverse($strings);
		$lines   = cacti_sizeof($strings);
	} elseif (strlen(trim($string)) == 0) {
		$strings = [__('Unknown RRDtool Error')];
		$lines   = 1;
	} else {
		$strings = [$string];
		$lines   = 1;
	}

	// setup the text position, image is 450x200, we start at 125 pixels from the left
	$xpos  = 125;
	$texth = ($lines * $font_size + (($lines - 1) * $padding));
	$ypos  = round((200 / 2) + ($texth / 2),0);

	if ($text_color === false) {
		$text_color = 0;
	}

	// set the font of the image
	if (isset($font_file) && file_exists($font_file) && is_readable($font_file) && function_exists('imagettftext')) {
		foreach ($strings as $string) {
			if (trim($string) != '') {
				if (@imagettftext($image, $font_size, 0, $xpos, intval($ypos), $text_color, $font_file, $string) === false) {
					cacti_log('TTF text overlay failed');
				}
				$ypos -= ($font_size + $padding);
			}
		}
	} else {
		foreach ($strings as $string) {
			if (trim($string) != '') {
				if (@imagestring($image, $font_size, $xpos, intval($ypos), $string, $text_color) === false) {
					cacti_log('Text overlay failed');
				}
				$ypos -= ($font_size + $padding);
			}
		}
	}

	if ($width != '' && $height != '') {
		$nimage = imagecreatetruecolor($width, $height);
		imagecopyresized($nimage, $image, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, 450, 200);

		// create the image
		imagepng($image);
	} else {
		// create the image
		imagepng($image);
	}

	// get the image from the buffer
	$image_data = ob_get_contents();

	// flush the buffer
	ob_end_clean();

	return $image_data !== false ? $image_data : '';
}

/**
 * gradient - Add gradient support for AREA type charts. This function adds several CDEF with different shading
 *
 * @param string $vname       The data source name
 * @param string $start_color The start color for the gradient
 * @param string $end_color   The end color for the gradient
 * @param string $label       Any label attached to it
 * @param mixed  $steps       Defaults to 20
 * @param mixed  $lower       Defaults to false
 * @param string $alpha       Alpha channel to be used
 *
 * @return string The additional CDEF/AREA command lines for rrdtool
 *
 * License: GPLv2
 * Original Code: https://github.com/lingej/pnp4nagios/blob/master/share/pnp/application/helpers/rrd.php
 */
function gradient(string $vname = '', string $start_color = '#0000a0', string $end_color = '#f0f0f0', string $label = '',
	mixed $steps = 20, mixed $lower = false, string $alpha = 'FF') : string {
	if (preg_match('/^#?([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})/i', $start_color, $matches)) {
		$r1 = hexdec($matches[1]);
		$g1 = hexdec($matches[2]);
		$b1 = hexdec($matches[3]);
	} else {
		$r1 = $g1 = $b1 = 0;
	}

	if (preg_match('/^#?([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})/i', $end_color, $matches)) {
		$r2 = hexdec($matches[1]);
		$g2 = hexdec($matches[2]);
		$b2 = hexdec($matches[3]);
	} else {
		$r2 = $g2 = $b2 = 0;
	}

	$diff_r       = $r2 - $r1;
	$diff_g       = $g2 - $g1;
	$diff_b       = $b2 - $b1;
	$spline       =  '';
	$spline_vname = 'var_' . substr(sha1((string) random_int(0, mt_getrandmax())), 1, 4);
	$vnamet       = $vname . substr(sha1((string) random_int(0, mt_getrandmax())), 1, 4);

	if (preg_match('/^([0-9]{1,3})%$/', $lower, $matches)) {
		$lower   = $matches[1];
		$spline .= sprintf('CDEF:%s_min=%s,100,/,%d,* ' . RRD_NL, $vnamet, $vname, $lower);
	} elseif (preg_match('/^([0-9]+)$/', $lower, $matches)) {
		$lower   = $matches[1];
		$spline .= sprintf('CDEF:%s_min=%s,%d,- ' . RRD_NL, $vnamet, $vname, $lower);
	} else {
		$lower   = 0;
		$spline .= sprintf('CDEF:%s_min=%s,%s,- ' . RRD_NL, $vnamet, $vname, $vname);
	}

	for ($i = $steps; $i > 0; $i--) {
		$spline .= sprintf('CDEF:%s%d=%s,%s_min,-,%d,/,%d,*,%s_min,+ ' . RRD_NL, $spline_vname, $i, $vname, $vnamet, $steps, $i, $vnamet);
	}

	// We don't use alpha blending for the area right now
	$alpha = 'FF';

	for ($i = $steps; $i > 0; $i--) {
		$factor = $i / $steps;

		$r = round($r1 + $diff_r * $factor);
		$g = round($g1 + $diff_g * $factor);
		$b = round($b1 + $diff_b * $factor);

		if ($i == $steps && $label != '' && strlen($label) > 2) {
			$spline .= sprintf('AREA:%s%d#%02X%02X%02X%s:%s ' . RRD_NL, $spline_vname, $i, $r, $g, $b, $alpha, $label);
		} else {
			$spline .= sprintf('AREA:%s%d#%02X%02X%02X%s ' . RRD_NL, $spline_vname, $i, $r, $g, $b, $alpha);
		}
	}

	$spline .= sprintf('AREA:%s%d#%02X%02X%02X%s ' . RRD_NL, $spline_vname, $steps, $r2, $g2, $b2, '00');

	return $spline;
}

/**
 * colourBrightness - Adjust the brightness of a hex color for gradient charts.
 * Positive percent lightens; negative percent darkens.
 *
 * @param string $hex     The hex representation of a color (with or without leading #)
 * @param float  $percent Brightness adjustment: decimal in [-1, 1] (e.g. 0.4 = +40%)
 *                        or coerced integer in [-100, 100] (e.g. 40 = +40%). Values
 *                        outside [-100, 100] are normalized then clamped to [-1, 1].
 *                        NOTE: values in the open interval (1.0, 2.0) are treated as
 *                        integers and divided by 100 (e.g. 1.5 → 0.015). The value
 *                        1.0 itself is NOT divided — it means 100% original color
 *                        (the identity). There is no decimal representation of "1%
 *                        brighter"; use 0.01 instead.
 *
 * @return string The adjusted color in the same format as the input
 *
 * License: GPLv2
 * Original Code: http://www.barelyfitz.com/projects/csscolor/
 */
function colourBrightness(string $hex, float $percent) : string {
	// Work out if hash given
	$hash = '';

	if (stristr($hex, '#')) {
		$hex  = str_replace('#', '', $hex);
		$hash = '#';
	}

	// / HEX TO RGB
	$rgb = [hexdec(substr($hex, 0, 2)), hexdec(substr($hex, 2, 2)), hexdec(substr($hex, 4, 2))];

	// // CALCULATE
	if (abs($percent) > 1) {
		$percent = $percent / 100;
	}

	$percent = max(-1.0, min(1.0, $percent));

	for ($i = 0; $i < 3; $i++) { // See if brighter or darker
		if ($percent > 0) {
			// Lighter
			$rgb[$i] = round($rgb[$i] * $percent) + round(255 * (1 - $percent));
		} else {
			// Darker
			$positivePercent = abs($percent);
			$rgb[$i]         = round($rgb[$i] * (1 - $positivePercent));
		}

		if ($rgb[$i] < 0) {
			$rgb[$i] = 0;
		}

		// In case rounding up causes us to go to 256
		if ($rgb[$i] > 255) {
			$rgb[$i] = 255;
		}
	}

	// // RBG to Hex
	$hex = '';

	for ($i = 0; $i < 3; $i++) {
		// Convert the decimal digit to hex
		$hexDigit = dechex((int) $rgb[$i]);

		// Add a leading zero if necessary
		if (strlen($hexDigit) == 1) {
			$hexDigit = '0' . $hexDigit;
		}

		// Append to the hex string
		$hex .= $hexDigit;
	}

	return $hash . $hex;
}

/**
 * add_unknown_data - Add unknown data area fills to graphs if selected by the admin
 *
 * @param array $graph_array The graph_array data containing all rrdtool graph options
 * @param array $xport_meta  If the graph unknown data is true, set that in the
 *                           xport meta output.
 *
 * @return array The graph_array modified to include unknown data ranges
 */
function add_unknown_data(array $graph_array, array &$xport_meta) : array {
	// add the cdef for unknown data
	if (read_config_option('graph_unknown_data') == 'on') {
		if (isset($xport_meta['ignoreItems'])) {
			$xport_meta['ignoreItems'] += 1;
		} else {
			$xport_meta['ignoreItems']  = 1;
		}

		if (cacti_sizeof($graph_array['defs'])) {
			$tmp_def = '';
			$pluscnt = cacti_sizeof($graph_array['defs']) - 1;

			foreach ($graph_array['defs'] as $d) {
				$tmp_def .= ($tmp_def != '' ? ',' : '') . "$d,UN";
			}

			$graph_array['graph_defs'] .= "CDEF:unknowndata='$tmp_def" . str_repeat(',+', $pluscnt);
			$graph_array['graph_defs'] .= ",INF,UNKN,IF'" . RRD_NL;

			$ud_color   = intval(read_config_option('graph_unknown_color'));

			if ($ud_color > 0) {
				$ud_color = get_color($ud_color);
			} else {
				$ud_color = '8F9286';
			}

			$ud_opacity = read_config_option('graph_unknown_opacity');

			if ($ud_opacity == '') {
				$ud_opacity = '7F';
			}

			$ucolor = $ud_color . $ud_opacity;

			$graph_array['graph_defs'] .= "AREA:unknowndata#$ucolor:" . RRD_NL;
		}
	}

	return $graph_array;
}

/**
 * add_business_hours - Add business hours highlight support for all rrdtool based charts
 *
 * @param array $data       The graph_array data containing all rrdtool graph options
 * @param mixed $xport_meta
 *
 * @return array The graph_array containing AREA definitions for the business hours
 *
 */
function add_business_hours(array $data, mixed &$xport_meta) : array {
	if (read_config_option('business_hours_enable') == 'on' && gnrv('business_hours') == 'true') {
		if ($data['start'] < 0) {
			$bh_graph_start = time() + $data['start'];
			$bh_graph_end   = time() + $data['end'];
		} else {
			$bh_graph_start = $data['start'];
			$bh_graph_end   =  $data['end'];
		}

		preg_match('/(\d+)\:(\d+)/',read_config_option('business_hours_start'), $bh_start_matches);
		preg_match('/(\d+)\:(\d+)/',read_config_option('business_hours_end'), $bh_end_matches);

		// Convert all the responses to integers
		$bh_start_matches = array_map('intval', $bh_start_matches);
		$bh_end_matches   = array_map('intval', $bh_end_matches);

		$bh_start_matches[1] = $bh_start_matches[1] ?? 0;
		$bh_start_matches[2] = $bh_start_matches[2] ?? 0;
		$bh_end_matches[1]   = $bh_end_matches[1] ?? 0;
		$bh_end_matches[2]   = $bh_end_matches[2] ?? 0;

		$start_bh_time = mktime($bh_start_matches[1], $bh_start_matches[2], 0, intval(date('m', $bh_graph_start)), intval(date('d', $bh_graph_start)), intval(date('Y', $bh_graph_start)));
		$end_bh_time   = mktime($bh_end_matches[1], $bh_end_matches[2], 0, intval(date('m', $bh_graph_end)), intval(date('d', $bh_graph_end)), intval(date('Y', $bh_graph_end)));

		if ($start_bh_time === false || $end_bh_time === false) {
			return $data;
		}

		if ($start_bh_time < $bh_graph_start) {
			if ($start_bh_time < $end_bh_time) {
				$start_bh_time = $bh_graph_start;
			} else {
				$next_day_time = mktime($bh_start_matches[1], $bh_start_matches[2], 0, intval(date('m', $bh_graph_start)), intval(date('d', $bh_graph_start)) + 1, intval(date('Y', $bh_graph_start)));

				if ($next_day_time !== false) {
					$start_bh_time = $next_day_time;
				}
			}
		}

		// Get the number of days:
		$datediff    = $bh_graph_end - $bh_graph_start;
		$num_of_days = round($datediff / (60 * 60 * 24)) + 1;

		if ($num_of_days <= read_config_option('business_hours_max_days')) {
			for ($day = 0; $day < $num_of_days; $day++) {
				$current_start_bh_time = mktime($bh_start_matches[1], $bh_start_matches[2], 0, intval(date('m', $start_bh_time)), intval(date('d', $start_bh_time)) + $day, intval(date('Y', $start_bh_time)));
				$current_end_bh_time   = mktime($bh_end_matches[1], $bh_end_matches[2], 0, intval(date('m', $start_bh_time)), intval(date('d', $start_bh_time)) + $day, intval(date('Y', $start_bh_time)));

				if ($current_start_bh_time === false || $current_end_bh_time === false) {
					continue;
				}

				if ($current_start_bh_time < $bh_graph_start) {
					$current_start_bh_time = $bh_graph_start;
				}

				if ($current_end_bh_time > $bh_graph_end) {
					$current_end_bh_time = $bh_graph_end;
				}

				$data['graph_defs'] .= 'CDEF:officehours' . $day . '=a,POP,TIME,' . $current_start_bh_time . ',LT,1,0,IF,TIME,' . $current_end_bh_time . ',GT,1,0,IF,MAX,0,GT,0,1,IF' . RRD_NL;
				$data['graph_defs'] .= 'CDEF:dslimit' . $day . '=INF,officehours' . $day . ',*' . RRD_NL;

				$bh_color = intval(read_config_option('business_hours_color'));

				if (empty($bh_color)) {
					$bh_color = 'CCCCCC';
				} else {
					$bh_color = get_color($bh_color);

					if (empty($bh_color)) {
						$bh_color = 'CCCCCC';
					}
				}

				$bh_opacity = read_config_option('business_hours_opacity');

				if (empty($bh_opacity)) {
					$bh_opacity = '7F';
				}

				if (preg_match('/[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}/', $bh_opacity)) {
					$bh_color .= $bh_opacity;
				} else {
					$bh_color .= '7F';
				}

				if (date('N', $current_start_bh_time) < 6) {
					$data['graph_defs'] .= 'AREA:dslimit' . $day . '#' . $bh_color . RRD_NL;
				}

				if (date('N', $current_start_bh_time) > 5 && read_config_option('business_hours_hide_weekends') == '') {
					$data['graph_defs'] .= 'AREA:dslimit' . $day . '#' . $bh_color . RRD_NL;
				}

				if (isset($xport_meta['ignoreItems'])) {
					$xport_meta['ignoreItems'] += 1;
				} else {
					$xport_meta['ignoreItems']  = 1;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return $data;
}